[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
article

Perspectives on problem solving and instruction

Published: 01 May 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Most educators claim that problem solving is important, but they take very different perspective on it and there is little agreement on how it should be taught. This article aims to sort out the different perspectives and discusses problem solving as a goal, a method, and a skill. As a goal, problem solving should not be limited to well-structured problem solving but be extended to real-life problem solving. As a method, problem solving has clear limitations for novice learners; providing ample support to learners is of utmost importance for helping them to develop problem-solving skills. As a skill, problem solving should not be seen as something that only occurs in the early phases of a process of expertise development but as a process that develops in parallel in System 1 and System 2. The four-component instructional design model (4C/ID) is briefly discussed as an approach that is fully consistent with the conceptualization described in this article and as a preliminary answer to the question how problem solving is best taught.

References

[1]
The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
[2]
Rules of the mind. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
[3]
Working memory. Science. v255. 556-559.
[4]
The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. v4. 417-422.
[5]
Effects of cognitive feedback on performance. Psychological Bulletin. v106. 410-433.
[6]
Feedback and self-regulated learning: a theoretical synthesis. Review of Educational Research. v65. 245-281.
[7]
Cognitive apprenticeship: teaching the craft of reading, writing, and mathematics. In: Resnick, L.B. (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. pp. 453-493.
[8]
The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. v24. 87-114.
[9]
Scientific discovery learning with computer simulations of conceptual domains. Review of Educational Research. v68. 179-201.
[10]
A five-stage model of the mental activities involved in directed skill acquisition. Operations Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
[11]
Human performance. Brooks and Cole, Oxford, UK.
[12]
Implications of cognitive theory for instruction in problem solving. Review of Educational Research. v54. 363-407.
[13]
The conditions of learning. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York.
[14]
Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology. v12. 306-356.
[15]
Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development. v45. 65-94.
[16]
Designing constructivist learning environments. In: Reigeluth, C.M. (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, Vol. 2. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. pp. 215-239.
[17]
Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development. v48. 63-85.
[18]
Case-based reasoning and instructional design: using stories to support problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development. v50. 65-77.
[19]
Designing for decision making. Educational Technology Research and Development. v60. 341-359.
[20]
Designing effective supports for causal reasoning. Educational Technology Research and Development. v56. 287-308.
[21]
Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
[22]
The expertise reversal effect. Educational Psychologist. v38 i1. 23-31.
[23]
Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: an analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist. v46 i2. 75-86.
[24]
Problem-based learning. In: Graham, S., Bus, A., Major, S., Swanson, L. (Eds.), APA educational psychology handbook, Vol. 3. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
[25]
About learning. Excell Inc, Barrington, IL.
[26]
First principles of instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development. v50. 43-59.
[27]
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review. v63. 81-97.
[28]
Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In: Anderson, J.R. (Ed.), Cognitive skills and their acquisition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. pp. 1-55.
[29]
Human problem solving. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[30]
Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: a cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology. v86. 122-133.
[31]
All life is problem solving. Routledge, London, UK.
[32]
Structuring the transition from example study to problem solving in cognitive skill acquisition: a cognitive load perspective. Educational Psychologist. v38. 15-22.
[33]
Learning by doing. In: Reigeluth, C.M. (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, Vol. 2. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. pp. 161-181.
[34]
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review. v84. 1-66.
[35]
Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review. v84. 127-190.
[36]
Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning. Cognitive Science. v12. 257-285.
[37]
Instructional design consequences of an analogy between evolution by natural selection and human cognitive architecture. Instructional Science. v32. 9-31.
[38]
Cognitive load theory. Springer, New York.
[39]
Teaching general problem-solving skills is not a substitute for, or a viable addition to, teaching mathematics. Notices of the AMS. v57 i10. 1303-1304.
[40]
Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review. v10. 251-296.
[41]
Attention guidance during example study via the model's eye movements. Computers in Human Behavior. v25. 785-791.
[42]
Effects of process-oriented worked examples on troubleshooting transfer performance. Learning and Instruction. v16. 154-164.
[43]
Effects of studying sequences of process-oriented and product-oriented worked examples on troubleshooting transfer efficiency. Learning and Instruction. v18. 211-222.
[44]
Uncovering the problem-solving process: cued retrospective reporting versus concurrent and retrospective reporting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. v11. 237-244.
[45]
Strategies for programming instruction in high school: program completion vs. program generation. Journal of Educational Computing Research. v6. 265-285.
[46]
Training complex cognitive skills. Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[47]
Ten steps to complex learning. 2nd rev. ed. Routledge, New York.
[48]
Cognitive load theory and complex learning: recent developments and future directions. Educational Psychology Review. v17. 147-177.
[49]
Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Medical Education. v44. 85-93.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Experimental Analysis of First-Grade Students' Block-Based Programming Problem Solving ProcessesProceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 110.1145/3649217.3653586(143-149)Online publication date: 3-Jul-2024
  • (2023)Cognitive load patterns affect temporal dynamics of self-regulated learning behaviors, metacognitive judgments, and learning achievementsComputers & Education10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104924207:COnline publication date: 1-Dec-2023
  • (2022)Modelling the Use of Abstraction in Algorithmic Problem SolvingProceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 110.1145/3502718.3524758(193-199)Online publication date: 7-Jul-2022
  • Show More Cited By
  1. Perspectives on problem solving and instruction

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Computers & Education
    Computers & Education  Volume 64, Issue
    May, 2013
    194 pages

    Publisher

    Elsevier Science Ltd.

    United Kingdom

    Publication History

    Published: 01 May 2013

    Author Tags

    1. Complex learning
    2. Instructional design
    3. Problem solving

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 09 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Experimental Analysis of First-Grade Students' Block-Based Programming Problem Solving ProcessesProceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 110.1145/3649217.3653586(143-149)Online publication date: 3-Jul-2024
    • (2023)Cognitive load patterns affect temporal dynamics of self-regulated learning behaviors, metacognitive judgments, and learning achievementsComputers & Education10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104924207:COnline publication date: 1-Dec-2023
    • (2022)Modelling the Use of Abstraction in Algorithmic Problem SolvingProceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 110.1145/3502718.3524758(193-199)Online publication date: 7-Jul-2022
    • (2019)Multichannel data for understanding cognitive affordances during complex problem solvingProceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge10.1145/3303772.3303778(61-70)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2019
    • (2018)Digital skills training in Higher EducationProceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality10.1145/3284179.3284312(781-787)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2018
    • (2018)Application of simulators for teaching engineering subjectProceedings of the First International Conference on Data Science, E-learning and Information Systems10.1145/3279996.3280000(1-5)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018
    • (2017)Using gameplay data to examine learning behavior patterns in a serious gameComputers in Human Behavior10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.06272:C(757-770)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017
    • (2016)Investigating the Use of Hints in Online Problem SolvingProceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale10.1145/2876034.2893379(105-108)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2016
    • (2016)Flexible thinking in learningComputers & Education10.1016/j.compedu.2016.04.00399:C(39-52)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016
    • (2016)Completion strategy or emphasis manipulation? Task support for teaching information problem solvingComputers in Human Behavior10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.04862:C(90-104)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    View options

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media