[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
research-article

Motion control of virtual reality based on an inertia-based sensing mechanism and a novel approach to redirected walking

Published: 01 June 2022 Publication History

Abstract

This research presents a motion control algorithm for constructing a portable virtual reality system, which can operate in any indoor or outdoor open space without the need for support from any pre-installed infrastructure. The real head and foot motions continuously measured by inertial sensors during natural walking are used as a part of the inputs to the algorithm to control the virtual walking motions of the user. In conjunction with such control, a novel approach to redirected walking is incorporated in the algorithm to continuously adjust the rotation of the virtual environment to redirect the user away from the boundary (i.e., walls and objects) of the real environment. Such an approach, namely the relative approach, adopts the directions and distances of the boundary relative to the user (i.e., the relative local information) instead of the absolute positions and orientations of the user for performing redirection. A ranging sensor is used for collecting the relative local information. The effectiveness of the algorithm was experimentally verified and demonstrated.

References

[1]
Azmandian M, Grechkin T, Bolas M, Suma E (2016) Automated path prediction for redirected walking using navigation meshes. In: IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces, pp 63–66
[2]
Azmandian M, Grechkin T, Rosenberg ES (2017) An evaluation of strategies for two-user redirected walking in shared physical spaces. In: IEEE virtual reality, pp 91–98
[3]
Bachmann ER, Hodgson E, Hoffbauer C, and Messinger J Multi-user redirected walking and resetting using artificial potential fields IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2019 25 5 2022-2031
[4]
Calusdian J (2010) A personal navigation system based on inertial and magnetic field measurement. Doctoral dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School, September 2012
[5]
Creagh H (2003) Cave automatic virtual environment. In: Proceedings of electrical insulation conference and electrical manufacturing and coil winding technology conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov 24, pp 499–504
[6]
Cyberith (2013) Products—virtualizer virtual reality treadmills. https://www.cyberith.com/products/. Retrieved 6 Feb 2020
[7]
Darken RP, Cockayne WR, Carmein D (1997) The omni-directional treadmill: a locomotion device for virtual worlds. In: Proceedings of UIST, Banff, Canada, pp 213‒221
[8]
Evans-Thirlwell E (2017) The history of the first person shooter. PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/the-history-of-the-first-person-shooter/. Retrieved 18 Jan 2020
[9]
Hirt C, Zank M, Kunz A (2018) Preliminary environment mapping for redirected walking. In: 2018 IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces, 18–22 Mar 2018, Reutlingen, Germany, pp 573–574
[10]
Hirt C, Zank M, Kunz A (2018) Geometry extraction for ad hoc redirected walking using a SLAM device. In: International conference on augmented reality, virtual reality and computer graphics. Springer, Cham, pp 35–53
[11]
Hodgson E, Bachmann E, and Thrash T Performance of redirected walking algorithms in a constrained virtual world IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2014 20 4 579-587
[12]
Hollerbach J, Grow D, Parker C (2005) Developments in locomotion interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 9th international conference on rehabilitation robotics, Chicago, IL, pp 522–525
[13]
Iwata H The Torus treadmill: realizing locomotion in VEs IEEE Comput Graph Appl 1999 19 30-35
[14]
Iwata H (1999b) Walking about virtual environments on an infinite floor. In: Proceedings of the IEEE virtual reality, pp 286‒293
[15]
Krogh BH (1984) A generalized potential field approach to obstacle avoidance control. In: Proceedings of SME conference on robotics research: the next five years and beyond, Bethlehem, PA, pp 11–22
[16]
Langbehn E, Steinicke F (2018) Redirected walking in virtual reality. In: Encyclopedia of computer graphics and games. Springer
[17]
Latombe JC (1991) Potential field methods. In: Robot motion planning, pp 295–355
[18]
Messinger J, Hodgson E, Bachmann ER (2019) Effects of tracking area shape and size on artificial potential field redirected walking. In: 2019 IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces, 23–27 Mar, Osaka, Japan, pp 72–80
[19]
Microsoft (2011) Kinect for XBox One. https://www.xbox.com/en-US/xbox-one/accessories/kinect. Retrieved 4 Nov 2017
[20]
BBC NEWS (2006) Factfile: The Wii. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6155664.stm. Retrieved 18 Jan 2020
[21]
Nilsson NC, Peck T, Bruder G, Hodgson E, Serafin S, Whitton M, Steinicke F, and Rosenberg ES 15 years of research on redirected walking in immersive virtual environments IEEE Comput Graph Appl 2018 38 44-56
[22]
Onder M (2005) Locomotion in virtual environments and analysis of a new virtual walking device. MS Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School
[23]
Peck TC, Fuchs H, and Whitton MC Evaluation of reorientation techniques and distractors for walking in large virtual environments IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 2009 15 3 383-394
[24]
Peck TC, Fuchs H, and Whitton MC The design and evaluation of a large-scale real-walking locomotion interface IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 2012 18 7 1053-1067
[25]
Peck TC, Whitton MC, Fuchs H (2008) Evaluation of reorientation techniques for walking in large virtual environments. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality, Reno, Nevada, pp 121–127
[26]
Peck TC, Fuchs H, Whitton MC (2010) Improved redirection with distractors: a large-scale-real-walking locomotion interface and its effect on navigation in virtual environments. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp 35–38
[27]
Quest (2019) The next level of VR gaming. https://www.oculus.com/quest/features/. Retrieved 6 Feb 2020
[28]
Razzaque S (2005) Redirected walking. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
[29]
Razzaque S, Kohn Z, Whitton MC (2001) Redirected walking. Eurographics
[30]
Razzaque S, Swapp D, Slater M, Whitton MC, Steed A (2002) Redirected walking in place. In: Eight eurographics workshop on virtual environments, pp 123–129
[31]
Steinicke F, Bruder G, Jerald J, Frenz H, and Lappe M Estimation of detection thresholds for redirected walking techniques IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 2010 16 1 17-27
[32]
Thomas J, Rosenberg ES (2019) A general reactive algorithm for redirected walking using artificial potential functions. In: 2019 IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces, 23–27 Mar, Osaka, Japan, pp 56–62
[33]
University of Utah School of Computing (2019) Locomotion display. http://www.cs.utah.edu/~jmh/LocomotionDisplay.html. Retrieved 4 Jun 2019
[34]
Vijayakar A, Hollerbach JM (2002) A proportional control strategy for realistic turning on linear treadmills. In: Proceedings of the 10th symposium on haptic interfaces for virtual environment and teleoperator systems, pp 231‒238
[35]
Virtuix (2013) Omni by Virtuix. https://www.virtuix.com/product/virtuix-omni/. Retrieved 6 Feb 2020
[36]
Waller D, Bachmann E, and Hodgson E The HIVE: A huge immersive virtual environment for research in spatial cognition Behav Res Methods 2007 39 4 835-843
[37]
Whitton M (2010) Getting from here to there: locomotion in virtual environments. In: 2010 IEEE/ACM 14th international symposium on distributed simulation and real time applications
[38]
Yun X, Bachmann E, and McGhee R A simplified quaternion-based algorithm for orientation estimation from earth gravity and magnetic field measurements IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 2008 57 3 638-650
[39]
Yun X, Calusdian J, Bachmann E, and McGhee R Estimation of human foot motion during normal walking using inertial and magnetic sensor measurements IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 2012 61 7 2059-2072
[40]
Yun X, Bachmann E, Moore H IV, Calusdian J (2007) Self-contained position tracking of human movement using small inertial/magnetic sensor modules. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Roma, Italy, Aril 10–14

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Effects of invisible body and optic flow on experience of users voluntarily walking in a VR environmentArtificial Life and Robotics10.1007/s10015-024-00958-329:4(494-500)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality  Volume 26, Issue 2
Jun 2022
377 pages
ISSN:1359-4338
EISSN:1434-9957
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 01 June 2022
Accepted: 13 September 2021
Received: 11 August 2020

Author Tags

  1. Virtual reality
  2. Motion control
  3. Ranging sensor
  4. Inertial sensor
  5. Virtual environment
  6. Redirected walking

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Effects of invisible body and optic flow on experience of users voluntarily walking in a VR environmentArtificial Life and Robotics10.1007/s10015-024-00958-329:4(494-500)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024

View Options

View options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media