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Article

Who's afraid of uncorrectable bit errors? online recovery of flash errors with distributed redundancy

Authors:

Andrew Kryczka,

Shobhit O. Kanaujia,

Michael J. Freedman,

Asaf CidonAuthors Info & Claims

USENIX ATC '19: Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference

Pages 977 - 991

Published: 10 July 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Due to its high performance and decreasing cost per bit, flash storage is the main storage medium in datacenters for hot data. However, flash endurance is a perpetual problem, and due to technology trends, subsequent generations of flash devices exhibit progressively shorter lifetimes before they experience uncorrectable bit errors. In this paper, we present an approach for addressing the flash lifetime problem by allowing devices to operate at much higher bit error rates. We present DIRECT, a set of techniques that harnesses distributed-level redundancy to enable the adoption of new generations of denser and less reliable flash storage technologies. DIRECT does so by using an end-to-end approach to increase the reliability of distributed storage systems.

We implemented DIRECT on two real-world storage systems: ZippyDB, a distributed key-value store in production at Facebook that is backed by and supports transactions on top of RocksDB, and HDFS, a distributed file system. When tested on production traces at Facebook, DIRECT reduces application-visible error rates in ZippyDB by more than 100× and recovery time by more than 10,000×. DIRECT also allows HDFS to tolerate a 10,000-100,000× higher bit error rate without experiencing application-visible errors. By significantly increasing the availability of distributed storage systems in the face of bit errors, DIRECT helps extend flash lifetimes.

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Cited By

Jaffer SMahdaviani KSchroeder B(2022)Improving the Endurance of Next Generation SSD’s using WOM-v CodesACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/356502718:4(1-32)Online publication date: 16-Dec-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565027
Dong SKryczka AJin YStumm M(2021)RocksDB: Evolution of Development Priorities in a Key-value Store Serving Large-scale ApplicationsACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/348384017:4(1-32)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3483840
Matsunobu YDong SLee H(2020)MyRocksProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3415478.341554613:12(3217-3230)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.14778/3415478.3415546

Who's afraid of uncorrectable bit errors? online recovery of flash errors with distributed redundancy

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings

USENIX ATC '19: Proceedings of the 2019 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference

July 2019

1076 pages

ISBN:9781939133038

Program Chairs:
Tsafrir Dan
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology & VMware Research
,
Malkhi Dahlia
VMware Research

Sponsors

VMware
Nutanix: Nutanix
NSF
Facebook: Facebook
ORACLE: ORACLE

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USENIX Association

United States

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Published: 10 July 2019

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Cited By

Jaffer SMahdaviani KSchroeder B(2022)Improving the Endurance of Next Generation SSD’s using WOM-v CodesACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/356502718:4(1-32)Online publication date: 16-Dec-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565027
Dong SKryczka AJin YStumm M(2021)RocksDB: Evolution of Development Priorities in a Key-value Store Serving Large-scale ApplicationsACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/348384017:4(1-32)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3483840
Matsunobu YDong SLee H(2020)MyRocksProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3415478.341554613:12(3217-3230)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.14778/3415478.3415546

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