[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.5555/3061053.3061244guideproceedingsArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesConference Proceedingsacm-pubtype
Article

Deep neural decision forests

Published: 09 July 2016 Publication History

Abstract

We present a novel approach to enrich classification trees with the representation learning ability of deep (neural) networks within an end-to-end trainable architecture. We combine these two worlds via a stochastic and differentiable decision tree model, which steers the formation of latent representations within the hidden layers of a deep network. The proposed model differs from conventional deep networks in that a decision forest provides the final predictions and it differs from conventional decision forests by introducing a principled, joint and global optimization of split and leaf node parameters. Our approach compares favourably to other state-of-the-art deep models on a large-scale image classification task like ImageNet.

References

[1]
Y. Amit and D. Geman. Shape quantization and recognition with randomized trees. (NC) , 9(7):1545-1588, 1997.
[2]
Yoshua Bengio, Olivier Delalleau, and Clarence Simard. Decision trees do not generalize to new variations. Computational Intelligence , 26(4):449-467, 2010.
[3]
A. Bosch, A. Zisserman, and X. Muñoz. Image classification using random forests and ferns. In (ICCV) , 2007.
[4]
Leo Breiman. Random forests. Machine Learning , 45(1):5-32, 2001.
[5]
Gabriel J. Brostow, Jamie Shotton, Julien Fauqueur, and Roberto Cipolla. Segmentation and recognition using structure from motion point clouds. In (ECCV) . Springer, 2008.
[6]
R. Caruana, N. Karampatziakis, and A. Yessenalina. An empirical evaluation of supervised learning in high dimensions. In (ICML) , pages 96-103, 2008.
[7]
A. Criminisi and J. Shotton. Decision Forests in Computer Vision and Medical Image Analysis . Springer, 2013.
[8]
Andrej Karpathy Li Fei-Fei. Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In (CVPR) , 2015.
[9]
T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, and J. H. Friedman. The Elements of Statistical Learning . Springer, 2009.
[10]
Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. Delving deep into rectifiers: Surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification. CoRR , abs/1502.01852, 2015.
[11]
David Heath, Simon Kasif, and Steven Salzberg. Induction of oblique decision trees. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research , 2(2):1-32, 1993.
[12]
P. Kontschieder, P. Kohli, J. Shotton, and A. Criminisi. GeoF: Geodesic forests for learning coupled predictors. In (CVPR) , pages 65-72, 2013.
[13]
P. Kontschieder, M. Fiterau, A. Criminisi, and S. Rota Bul`o. Deep neural decision forests. In (ICCV) , 2015.
[14]
Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoff Hinton. Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In (NIPS) , 2012.
[15]
Min Lin, Qiang Chen, and Shuicheng Yan. Network in network. CoRR , abs/1312.4400, 2013.
[16]
A. Montillo, J. Tu, J. Shotton, J. Winn, J. E. Iglesias, D. N. Metaxas, and A. Criminisi. Entangled forests and differentiable information gain maximization. In Decision Forests in Computer Vision and Medical Image Analysis . Springer, 2013.
[17]
Samuel Rota Bulò and Peter Kontschieder. Neural decision forests for semantic image labelling. In (CVPR) , 2014.
[18]
Olga Russakovsky, Jia Deng, Hao Su, Jonathan Krause, Sanjeev Satheesh, Sean Ma, Zhiheng Huang, Andrej Karpathy, Aditya Khosla, Michael Bernstein, Alexander C. Berg, and Li Fei-Fei. ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge. International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV) , 2014.
[19]
Jamie Shotton, Ross Girshick, Andrew Fitzgibbon, Toby Sharp, Mat Cook, Mark Finocchio, Richard Moore, Pushmeet Kohli, Antonio Criminisi, Alex Kipman, and Andrew Blake. Efficient human pose estimation from single depth images. (PAMI) , 2013.
[20]
N. Srivastava, G. Hinton, A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and R. Salakhutdinov. Dropout: A simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. Journal of Machine Learning Research , 15:1929-1958, 2014.
[21]
Christian Szegedy, Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, Pierre Sermanet, Scott Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich. Going deeper with convolutions. CoRR , abs/1409.4842, 2014.
[22]
D. Yu and L. Deng. Automatic Speech Recognition: A Deep Learning Approach . Springer, 2014.

Cited By

View all
  • (2018)SplineNetsProceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems10.5555/3326943.3327128(1998-2008)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2018

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings
IJCAI'16: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
July 2016
4277 pages
ISBN:9781577357704

Sponsors

  • Sony: Sony Corporation
  • Arizona State University: Arizona State University
  • Microsoft: Microsoft
  • Facebook: Facebook
  • AI Journal: AI Journal

Publisher

AAAI Press

Publication History

Published: 09 July 2016

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 14 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2018)SplineNetsProceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems10.5555/3326943.3327128(1998-2008)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2018

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media