[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.5555/2208461.2208478acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesfastConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Revisiting storage for smartphones

Published: 14 February 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Conventional wisdom holds that storage is not a big contributor to application performance on mobile devices. Flash storage (the type most commonly used today) draws little power, and its performance is thought to exceed that of the network subsystem. In this paper we present evidence that storage performance does indeed affect the performance of several common applications such as web browsing,Maps, application install, email, and Facebook. For several Android smartphones, we find that just by varying the underlying flash storage, performance over WiFi can typically vary between 100%to 300%across applications; in one extreme scenario the variation jumped to over 2000%. We identify the reasons for the strong correlation between storage and application performance to be a combination of poor flash device performance, random I/O from application databases, and heavyhanded use of synchronous writes; based on our findings we implement and evaluate a set of pilot solutions to address the storage performance deficiencies in smartphones.

References

[1]
Android Debug Bridge (ADB). http://developer. android.com/guide/developing/tools/adb.html.
[2]
Android Developers Website. http://developer. android.com/index.html.
[3]
Android Open Source Project. http://source.android. com/index.html.
[4]
Android WebKit Package. http://developer. android.com/reference/android/webkit/ package-summary.html.
[5]
Block I/O Layer Tracing: blktrace. http://linux.die. net/man/8/blktrace.
[6]
Busybox unix utilities. http://www.busybox.net/ about.html.
[7]
Clockworkmod rom manager and recovery image. http://www.koushikdutta.com/2010/02/ clockwork-recovery-image.html.
[8]
Compete ranking of top 50 web sites for february 2011 reveals familiar dip. http://tinyurl.com/3ubxzbl.
[9]
CrystalDiskMark Benchmark V3.0.1. http://crystalmark.info/software/CrystalDiskMark/index-e.html.
[10]
Cyanogenmod. http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/ index.php?title=What_is_CyanogenMod.
[11]
Datalight: Software for risk-free mobile data. http://www.datalight.com/ solutions/linux-flash-file-system/ performance-hardware-managed-media.
[12]
Google nexus one. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Nexus_One.
[13]
Htc desire. http://www.htc.com/www/product/ desire/specification.html.
[14]
HTC EVO Phone. http://www.htc.com/us/products/ evo-sprint#tech-specs. Retrieved in Sep 2011.
[15]
LG G2X P999 Phone. http://www.lg.com/us/ products/documents/LG-G2x-Datasheet.pdf. Retrieved in Sep 2011.
[16]
MonkeyRunner for Android Developers. http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/ tools/monkeyrunner_concepts.html.
[17]
SD Speed Class/UHS Speed Class. https://www.sdcard. org/consumers/speed_class/.
[18]
SQLite Backend with Write-Ahead Logging. http://www. sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/3_7_0.html.
[19]
Starburst data2sd. http://starburst.droidzone.in/.
[20]
Unrevoked 3: Set your phone free. http://unrevoked.com/ recovery/.
[21]
Usb reverse tethering setup for android 2.2. http://blog.mycila.com/2010/06/ reverse-usb-tethering-with-android-22.html.
[22]
Using databases in android: Sqlite. http://developer. android.com/guide/topics/data/data-storage. html#db.
[23]
Motorola Webtop: Release Your Smartphone's True Potential. http://www.motorola.com/Consumers/ US-EN/Consumer-Product-and-Services/WEBTOP/ Meet-WEBTOP, 2011.
[24]
Alphonso Labs. Pulse News Reader. https://market.android.com/details?id=com.alphonso.pulse& hl=en.
[25]
J. Bickford, H. A. Lagar-Cavilla, A. Varshavsky, V. Ganapathy, and L. Iftode. Security versus energy tradeoffs in host-based mobile malware detection. In MobiSys'11: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, page TBD, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, June/July 2011. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[26]
A. Carroll and G. Heiser. An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone. In Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, USENIX ATC'10, pages 21-21, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010. USENIX Association.
[27]
S. J. Castellucci and I. S. MacKenzie. Gathering text entry metrics on android devices. In Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), CHI EA '11, pages 1507-1512, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[28]
S. Chen, P. B. Gibbons, and S. Nath. Rethinking database algorithms for phase change memory. In CIDR '11, pages 21-31, Asilomar, CA, 2011.
[29]
B.-G. Chun, S. Ihm, P. Maniatis, M. Naik, and A. Patti. Clonecloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud. In Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems, EuroSys '11, pages 301-314, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[30]
E. Cuervo, A. Balasubramanian, D.-k. Cho, A.Wolman, S. Saroiu, R. Chandra, and P. Bahl. Maui: making smartphones last longer with code offload. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, MobiSys '10, pages 49-62, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.
[31]
Dianne Hackborn. Multitasking the Android Way. http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/04/ multitasking-android-way.html, april 2010.
[32]
M. Dietz, S. Shekhar, Y. Pisetsky, A. Shu, and D. S. Wallach. Quire: Lightweight provenance for smart phone operating systems. In 20th USENIX Security Symposium, San Francisco, CA, Aug. 2011.
[33]
F. Douglis, R. Cáceres, M. F. Kaashoek, K. Li, B. Marsh, and J. A. Tauber. Storage alternatives for mobile computers. In OSDI, pages 25-37, 1994.
[34]
W. Enck, P. Gilbert, B.-G. Chun, L. P. Cox, J. Jung, P. McDaniel, and A. N. Sheth. Taintdroid: an information-flow tracking system for realtime privacy monitoring on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation, OSDI'10, pages 1-6, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010. USENIX Association.
[35]
H. Falaki, R. Mahajan, S. Kandula, D. Lymberopoulos, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Diversity in smartphone usage. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, MobiSys '10, pages 179-194, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.
[36]
J. Flinn and M. Satyanarayanan. Energy-aware adaptation for mobile applications. In Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, SOSP '99, pages 48-63, New York, NY, USA, 1999. ACM.
[37]
J. Flinn, S. Sinnamohideen, N. Tolia, andM. Satyanarayanan. Data Staging on Untrusted Surrogates.
[38]
Gartner. Gartner highlights key predictions for it organizations and users in 2010 and beyond. http://www.gartner.com/it/ page.jsp?id=1278413.
[39]
R. Geambasu, J. P. John, S. D. Gribble, T. Kohno, and H.M. Levy. Keypad: an auditing file system for theft-prone devices. In Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems, EuroSys '11, pages 1-16, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[40]
V. Gundotra and H. Barra. Android: Momentum, Mobile and More at Google I/O. Keynote at Google I/O, May 2011.
[41]
D. Halperin, S. Kandula, J. Padhye, P. Bahl, and D. Wetherall. Augmenting data center networks with multi-gigabit wireless links. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference, SIGCOMM '11, pages 38-49, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[42]
T. Harter, C. Dragga, M. Vaughn, A. C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and R. H. Arpaci-Dusseau. A File is Not a File: Understanding the I/O Behavior of Apple Desktop Applications. In SOSP '11, Cascais, Portugal, October 2011.
[43]
Y. Huai. Spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM): Challenges and Prospects. AAPPS Bulletin, 18(6):33-40, Dec. 2008.
[44]
J. Huang, Q. Xu, B. Tiwana, Z. M. Mao, M. Zhang, and P. Bahl. Anatomizing application performance differences on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, MobiSys '10, pages 165-178, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.
[45]
I. T. R. for Semiconductors Working Group. International technology roadmap for semiconductors. Technical report, International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 2009.
[46]
iperf network performance tool. http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf.
[47]
Y. Joo, J. Ryu, S. Park, and K. G. Shin. Fast: quick application launch on solid-state drives. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies, FAST '11, 2011.
[48]
J. Kim, J. M. Kim, S. Noh, S. L. Min, and Y. Cho. A space-efficient flash translation layer for CompactFlash Systems. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 48(2):366-375, 2002.
[49]
J. Kistler and M. Satyanarayanan. Disconnected Operation in the Coda File System. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst., 10(1), February 1992.
[50]
R. Konishi, Y. Amagai, K. Sato, H. Hifumi, S. Kihara, and S. Moriai. The linux implementation of a log-structured file system. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., 40(3):102-107, 2006.
[51]
E. Koukoumidis, D. Lymberopoulos, K. Strauss, J. Liu, and D. Burger. Pocket cloudlets. In Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, ASPLOS '11, pages 171-184, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[52]
C. Manning. YAFFS: Yet Another Flash File System. http://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs, 2004.
[53]
P. Meroni, E. Pagani, G. P. Rossi, and L. Valerio. An opportunistic platform for android-based mobile devices. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop onMobile Opportunistic Networking, MobiOpp '10, pages 191-193, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.
[54]
Muthian Sivathanu and Vijayan Prabhakaran and Florentina I. Popovici and Timothy E. Denehy and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau and Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau. Semantically-Smart Disk Systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Symposium on File and Storage Technologies (FAST '03), pages 73-88, 2003.
[55]
B. D. Noble, M. Satyanarayanan, D. Narayanan, J. E. Tilton, J. Flinn, and K. R. Walker. Agile application-aware adaptation for mobility. In Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, SOSP '97, pages 276-287, New York, NY, USA, 1997. ACM.
[56]
RedLicense Labs. RL Benchmark: SQLite. https://market. android.com/details?id=com.redlicense. benchmark.sqlite.
[57]
Richard Pentin (Summary). Gartner's mobile predictions. http://ifonlyblog.wordpress.com/2010/01/14/ gartners-mobile-predictions/.
[58]
M. Rosenblum and J. Ousterhout. The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst., 10(1):26-52, Feb. 1992.
[59]
A. Roy, S. M. Rumble, R. Stutsman, P. Levis, D. Mazières, and N. Zeldovich. Energy management in mobile devices with the cinder operating system. In Proceedings of the sixth conference on Computer systems, EuroSys '11, pages 139-152, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.
[60]
Samsung Corp. Samsung ships industrys first multi-chip package with a pram chip for handsets. http://tinyurl.com/ 4y9bsds.
[61]
M. Satyanarayanan. Mobile computing: the next decade. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing & Services: Social Networks and Beyond, MCS '10, pages 5:1-5:6, New York, NY, USA, 2010. ACM.
[62]
M. Satyanarayanan, P. Bahl, R. Caceres, and N. Davies. The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 8:14-23, October 2009.
[63]
S. W. Schlosser and G. R. Ganger. MEMS-based storage devices and standard disk interfaces: A square peg in a round hole? pages 87-100.
[64]
Ted Tso. Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread. http://www.linuxfoundation. org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/ android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread, Dec. 2010.
[65]
N. Tolia, J. Harkes, M. Kozuch, and M. Satyanarayanan. Integrating Portable and Distributed Storage. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on File and Storage Technologies (FAST '04), pages 227-238, San Francisco, California, April 2004.
[66]
K. Veeraraghavan, J. Flinn, E. B. Nightingale, and B. Noble. qufiles: the right file at the right time. In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies, FAST'10, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010. USENIX Association.
[67]
Z. Wang, F. X. Lin, and L. Zhong. Why are Web Browsers Slow on Smartphones? In ACM HotMobile '11, March 2011.
[68]
WG802.11 - Wireless LAN Working Group. IEEE STANDARD 802.11n-2009. http://standards.ieee.org/ findstds/standard/802.11n-2009.html.

Cited By

View all
  • (2021)mStreamProceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/3412841.3442115(1203-1208)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2021
  • (2019)Mitigating Synchronous I/O Overhead in File Systems on Open-Channel SSDsACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/331936915:3(1-25)Online publication date: 31-May-2019
  • (2019)Improving Flash Memory Performance and Reliability for Smartphones With I/O DeduplicationIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2018.283439538:6(1017-1027)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
FAST'12: Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
February 2012
26 pages

Sponsors

  • NetApp
  • Google Inc.
  • EMC2: EMC2
  • Microsoft Reasearch: Microsoft Reasearch
  • Date Direct Network: Date Direct Network

In-Cooperation

Publisher

USENIX Association

United States

Publication History

Published: 14 February 2012

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 29 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2021)mStreamProceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/3412841.3442115(1203-1208)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2021
  • (2019)Mitigating Synchronous I/O Overhead in File Systems on Open-Channel SSDsACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/331936915:3(1-25)Online publication date: 31-May-2019
  • (2019)Improving Flash Memory Performance and Reliability for Smartphones With I/O DeduplicationIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2018.283439538:6(1017-1027)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019
  • (2017)WiscKeyACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/303327313:1(1-28)Online publication date: 2-Mar-2017
  • (2016)OrderMergeDedupProceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/2930583.2930605(291-299)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2016
  • (2016)PCAPProceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/2930583.2930600(227-240)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2016
  • (2016)WiscKeyProceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/2930583.2930594(133-148)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2016
  • (2016)Eager SynchingACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/293066816:2(1-25)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2016
  • (2016)SmartLMKACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/289475515:3(1-25)Online publication date: 11-May-2016
  • (2016)Managing big data experiments on smartphonesDistributed and Parallel Databases10.1007/s10619-014-7158-634:1(33-64)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media