More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

Article

Hummingbird: ultra-lightweight cryptography for resource-constrained devices

Authors:

Eric M. SmithAuthors Info & Claims

FC'10: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial cryptograpy and data security

Pages 3 - 18

Published: 25 January 2010 Publication History

Abstract

Due to the tight cost and constrained resources of high-volume consumer devices such as RFID tags, smart cards and wireless sensor nodes, it is desirable to employ lightweight and specialized cryptographic primitives for many security applications. Motivated by the design of the well-known Enigma machine, we present a novel ultra-lightweight cryptographic algorithm, referred to as Hummingbird, for resource-constrained devices in this paper. Hummingbird can provide the designed security with small block size and is resistant to the most common attacks such as linear and differential cryptanalysis. Furthermore, we also present efficient software implementation of Hummingbird on the 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128L from Atmel and the 16-bit microcontroller MSP430 from Texas Instruments, respectively. Our experimental results show that after a system initialization phase Hummingbird can achieve up to 147 and 4.7 times faster throughput for a size-optimized and a speed-optimized implementations, respectively, when compared to the state-of-the-art ultra-lightweight block cipher PRESENT [10] on the similar platforms.

References

[1]

Anderson, R., Biham, E., Knudsen, L.: Serpent: A Proposal for the Advanced Encryption Standard, http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/serpent.pdf

[2]

Atmel. AVR Studio 4.17, http://www.atmel.com/dyn/Products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725

[3]

Biham, E.: New Types of Cryptanalytic Attacks Using Related Keys. J. of Cryptology 7, 229-246 (1994)

[4]

Biham, E.: Cryptanalysis of Multiple Modes of Operation. J. Cryptology 11(1), 45-58 (1998)

[5]

Biham, E.: Cryptanalysis of Triple Modes of Operation. J. Cryptology 12(3), 161- 184 (1999)

[6]

Biham, E., Knudsen, L.R.: Cryptanalysis of the ANSI X9.52 CBCM Mode. J. Cryptology 15(1), 47-59 (2002)

[7]

Biham, E., Shamir, A.: Differential Cryptanalysis of the Data Encryption Standard. Springer, New York (1993)

Digital Library

[8]

Biryukov, A., Wagner, D.: Slide Attacks. In: Knudsen, L.R. (ed.) FSE 1999. LNCS, vol. 1636, pp. 245-259. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

Digital Library

[9]

Biryukov, A., Wagner, D.: Advanced Slide Attacks. In: Preneel, B. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2000. LNCS, vol. 1807, pp. 589-606. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

Digital Library

[10]

Bogdanov, A., Knudsen, L.R., Leander, G., Paar, C., Poschmann, A., Robshaw, M.J.B., Seurin, Y., Vikkelsoe, C.: PRESENT: An Ultra-Lightweight Block Cipher. In: Paillier, P., Verbauwhede, I. (eds.) CHES 2007. LNCS, vol. 4727, pp. 450-466. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

Digital Library

[11]

De Cannière, C., Dunkelman, O., Knežević, M.: KATAN and KTANTAN A Family of Small and Efficient Hardware-Oriented Block Ciphers. In: Clavier, C., Gaj, K. (eds.) CHES 2009. LNCS, vol. 5747, pp. 272-288. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

Digital Library

[12]

De Cannière, C., Preneel, B.: Trivium - A Stream Cipher Construction Inspired by Block Cipher Design Principles. ECRYPT Stream Cipher (2005), http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream/papersdir/2006/021.pdf

[13]

Dinur, I., Shamir, A.: Cube Attacks on Tweakable Black Box Polynomials. In: Joux, A. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5479, pp. 278-299. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

Digital Library

[14]

Eisenbarth, T., Kumar, S., Paar, C., Poschmann, A., Uhsadel, L.: A Survey of Lightweight-Cryptography Implementations. IEEE Design & Test of Computers 24(6), 522-533 (2007)

Digital Library

[15]

Engels, D., Fan, X., Gong, G., Hu, H., Smith, E.M.: Ultra-Lightweight Cryptography for Low-Cost RFID Tags: Hummingbird Algorithm and Protocol, Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research (CACR) Technical Reports, CACR 2009-29, http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/techreports/2009/cacr2009-29.pdf

[16]

Fan, X., Hu, H., Gong, G., Smith, E.M., Engels, D.: Lightweight Implementation of Hummingbird Cryptographic Algorithm on 4-Bit Microcontroller. In: The 1st International Workshop on RFID Security and Cryptography 2009 (RISC 2009), pp. 838-844 (2009)

[17]

Feldhofer, M., Dominikus, S., Wolkerstorfer, J.: Strong Authentication for RFID Systems Using the AES Algorithm. In: Joye, M., Quisquater, J.-J. (eds.) CHES 2004. LNCS, vol. 3156, pp. 357-370. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

[18]

Feldhofer, M., Wolkerstorfer, J., Rijmen, V.: AES Implementation on a Grain of Sand. IEE Proceedings Information Security 15(1), 13-20 (2005)

[19]

Hämäläinen, P., Alho, T., Hännikäinen, M., Hämäläinen, T.D.: Design and Implementation of Low-Area and Low-Power AES Encryption Hardware Core. In: The 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools - DSD 2006, pp. 577-583. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2006)

Digital Library

[20]

Hell, M., Johansson, T., Meier, W.: Grain: A Stream Cipher for Constrained Environments. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2(1), 86-93 (2007)

Digital Library

[21]

Hong, D., Sung, J., Hong, S., Lim, J., Lee, S., Koo, B.S., Lee, C., Chang, D., Lee, J., Jeong, K., Kim, H., Chee, S.: HIGHT: A New Block Cipher Suitable for Low-Resource Device. In: Goubin, L., Matsui, M. (eds.) CHES 2006. LNCS, vol. 4249, pp. 46-59. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

Digital Library

[22]

Lim, C., Korkishko, T.: mCrypton - A Lightweight Block Cipher for Security of Low-cost RFID Tags and Sensors. In: Song, J.-S., Kwon, T., Yung, M. (eds.) WISA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3786, pp. 243-258. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

Digital Library

[23]

Liu, D., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Min, H.: A Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID Using IDEA, Auto-ID Labs White Paper, WP-HARDWARE-048 (March 2009), http://www.autoidlabs.org/uploads/media/AUTOIDLABS-WP-HARDWARE-048.pdf

[24]

Jakobsen, T., Knudsen, L.: The Interpolation Attack on Block Ciphers. In: Biham, E. (ed.) FSE 1997. LNCS, vol. 1267, pp. 28-40. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

Digital Library

[25]

Lai, X.: Higher Order Derivatives and Differential Cryptanalysis. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Communication, Coding and Cryptography, in honor of James L. Massey on the occasion of his 60'th birthday (1994)

[26]

Leander, G., Paar, C., Poschmann, A., Schramm, K.: New Lightweight DES Variants. In: Biryukov, A. (ed.) FSE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4593, pp. 196-210. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

Digital Library

[27]

Leander, G., Poschmann, A.: On the Classification of 4 Bit S-Boxes. In: Carlet, C., Sunar, B. (eds.) WAIFI 2007. LNCS, vol. 4547, pp. 159-176. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

Digital Library

[28]

Matsui, M.: Linear Cryptanalysis Method for DES Cipher. In: Helleseth, T. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1993. LNCS, vol. 765, pp. 386-397. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)

Digital Library

[29]

Poschmann, A.: Lightweight Cryptography - Cryptographic Engineering for a Pervasive World, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Sciences, Ruhr-Universitäet Bochum, Bochum, Germany (2009)

[30]

Rolfes, C., Poschmann, A., Leander, G., Paar, C.: Ultra-Lightweight Implementations for Smart Devices-Security for 1000 Gate Equivalents. In: Grimaud, G., Standaert, F.-X. (eds.) CARDIS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5189, pp. 89-103. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

Digital Library

[31]

Rowley Associates. CrossWorks for MSP430, http://www.rowley.co.uk/msp430/index.htm.

[32]

Standaert, F.-X., Piret, G., Gershenfeld, N., Quisquater, J.-J.: SEA: A Scalable Encryption Algorithm for Small Embedded Applications. In: Domingo-Ferrer, J., Posegga, J., Schreckling, D. (eds.) CARDIS 2006. LNCS, vol. 3928, pp. 222-236. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

Digital Library

[33]

Wagner, D.: Cryptanalysis of Some Recently-Proposed Multiple Modes of Operation. In: Vaudenay, S. (ed.) FSE 1998. LNCS, vol. 1372, pp. 254-269. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

Digital Library

[34]

WinAVR. Suite of Executable, Open Source Software Development Tools for the Atmel AVR Series of RISC Microprocessors Hosted on the Windows Platform, http://winavr.sourceforge.net/

[35]

Youssef, A., Gong, G.: On the Interpolation Attacks on Block Ciphers. In: Schneier, B. (ed.) FSE 2000. LNCS, vol. 1978, pp. 109-120. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

Digital Library

Cited By

Mujahid UNajam-Ul-Islam MSarwar S(2017)A New Ultralightweight RFID Authentication Protocol for Passive Low Cost TagsWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-016-3647-494:3(725-744)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-016-3647-4
Cheng LZhang WXiang Z(2015)A New Cryptographic Analysis of 4-bit S-BoxesRevised Selected Papers of the 11th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology - Volume 958910.1007/978-3-319-38898-4_9(144-164)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-38898-4_9
Tezcan C(2014)Improbable differential attacks on Present using undisturbed bitsJournal of Computational and Applied Mathematics10.1016/j.cam.2013.06.023259(503-511)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.cam.2013.06.023
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Cryptanalysis of Hummingbird-1
FSE'11: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fast software encryption

Hummingbird-1 is a lightweight encryption and message authentication primitive published in RISC '09 and WLC '10. Hummingbird-1 utilizes a 256-bit secret key and a 64-bit IV. We report a chosen-IV, chosen-message attack that can recover the full secret ...
The hummingbird-2 lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm
RFIDSec'11: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy

Hummingbird-2 is an encryption algorithm with a 128-bit secret key and a 64-bit initialization vector. Hummingbird-2 optionally produces an authentication tag for each message processed. Like it's predecessor Hummingbird-1, Hummingbird-2 has been ...
Khudra: A New Lightweight Block Cipher for FPGAs
Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering
Abstract
The paper shows that designing lightweight block ciphers for the increasingly popular Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) needs a new revisit. It shows that due to the underlying FPGA architecture many popular techniques for lightweight block ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings

FC'10: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial cryptograpy and data security

January 2010

256 pages

ISBN:364214991X

Editors:
Radu Sion
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
,
Reza Curtmola
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
,
Sven Dietrich
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ
,
Aggelos Kiayias
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
,
Josep M. Miret
Universidad de Lleida, Spain
,
Kazue Sako
NEC Central Research Labs, Kawasaki, Japan
,
Francesc Sebe
Universidad de Lleida, Spain

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 25 January 2010

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

11
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Mujahid UNajam-Ul-Islam MSarwar S(2017)A New Ultralightweight RFID Authentication Protocol for Passive Low Cost TagsWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-016-3647-494:3(725-744)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-016-3647-4
Cheng LZhang WXiang Z(2015)A New Cryptographic Analysis of 4-bit S-BoxesRevised Selected Papers of the 11th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology - Volume 958910.1007/978-3-319-38898-4_9(144-164)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-38898-4_9
Tezcan C(2014)Improbable differential attacks on Present using undisturbed bitsJournal of Computational and Applied Mathematics10.1016/j.cam.2013.06.023259(503-511)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.cam.2013.06.023
Yang GFan XAagaard MGong G(2013)Design space exploration of the lightweight stream cipher WG-8 for FPGAs and ASICsProceedings of the Workshop on Embedded Systems Security10.1145/2527317.2527325(1-10)Online publication date: 29-Sep-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2527317.2527325
Manifavas CHatzivasilis GFysarakis KRantos K(2013)Lightweight Cryptography for Embedded Systems A Comparative AnalysisRevised Selected Papers of the 8th International Workshop on Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security - Volume 824710.1007/978-3-642-54568-9_21(333-349)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-54568-9_21
Khalid AHassan MChattopadhyay APaul G(2013)RAPID-FeinSPNProceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Systems Security - Volume 830310.1007/978-3-642-45204-8_13(169-190)Online publication date: 16-Dec-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-45204-8_13
Saarinen M(2011)Cryptanalysis of Hummingbird-1Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fast software encryption10.5555/2022159.2022186(328-341)Online publication date: 13-Feb-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2022159.2022186
Saarinen M(2011)Cryptographic analysis of all 4 × 4-bit s-boxesProceedings of the 18th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography10.1007/978-3-642-28496-0_7(118-133)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-28496-0_7
Chai QGong G(2011)BUPLEProceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy10.1007/978-3-642-25286-0_9(127-146)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-25286-0_9
Engels DSaarinen MSchweitzer PSmith E(2011)The hummingbird-2 lightweight authenticated encryption algorithmProceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy10.1007/978-3-642-25286-0_2(19-31)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-25286-0_2
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten