research-article

Free access

Classifying what-type questions by head noun tagging

Authors:

Fangtao Li,

Xian Zhang,

Jinhui Yuan,

Xiaoyan ZhuAuthors Info & Claims

COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 1

Pages 481 - 488

Published: 18 August 2008 Publication History

PDF eReader

Abstract

Classifying what-type questions into proper semantic categories is found more challenging than classifying other types in question answering systems. In this paper, we propose to classify what-type questions by head noun tagging. The approach highlights the role of head nouns as the category discriminator of what-type questions. To reduce the semantic ambiguities of head noun, we integrate local syntactic feature, semantic feature and category dependency among adjacent nouns with Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). Experiments on standard question classification data set show that the approach achieves state-of-the-art performances.

References

[1]

Christiane Fellbaum. 1998. WordNet: an Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press.

Google Scholar

[2]

Prager, J., D. Radev, E. Brown, A. Coden, and V. Samn. 1999. 'The use of predictive annotation for question answering in TREC'. In: Proceedings of the 8th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-8).

Google Scholar

[3]

John Lafferty, Andrew McCallum, Fernando Pereira. 2001. Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data. In Proceedings of ICML-2001.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Li, X. and D. Roth. 2002. Learning question classifiers. In Proceedings of the 19^th International Conference on Compuatational Linguistics (COLING), pages 556--562.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[5]

Zhang, D. and W. Lee. 2003. Question classification using support vector machines. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International ACM SIGIR conference, pages 26--32

Google Scholar

[6]

Donald Metzler and W. Bruce Croft. 2004. Analysis of Statistical Question Classfication for Fact-based Questions. In Journal of Information Retrieval.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[7]

Ted Pedersen, Satanjeev Banerjee, and Siddharth Patwardhan. 2005. Maximizing Semantic Relatedness to Perform Word Sense Disambiguation. University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute Research Report UMSI 2005/25, March.

Google Scholar

[8]

Xin Li, Dan Roth. 2006. Learning Question Classifiers: The Role of Semantic Information. In Natural Language Engineering, 12(3):229--249

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Minh Le Nguyen, Thanh Tri Nguyen and Akira Shimazu. 2007. Subtree Mining for Question Classification Problem. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Pages 1695--1700.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[10]

C. Sutton and A. McCallum. 2007. An introduction to conditional random fields for relational learning. In L. Getoor and B. Taskar (Eds.). Introduction to statistical relational learning. MIT Press.

Google Scholar

[11]

Y. Tsuruoka and J. Tsujii,. 2005. Bidirectional inference with the easiest-first strategy for tagging sequence data. In Proc. HLT/EMNLP'05, Vancouver, October, pp. 467--474.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[12]

L. Ramshaw and M. Marcus. 1995. Text chunking using transformation-based learning, Proc. 3rd Workshop on Very Large Corpora, pp. 82--94.

Google Scholar

[13]

J. R. Finkel, T. Grenager and C. Manning. 2005. Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by Gibbs sampling. Proc. 43rd Annual Meeting of ACL, pp. 363--370.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[14]

D. Lin. 1999. MINIPAR: a minimalist parser. In Maryland Linguistics Colloquium, University of Maryland, College Park.

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Agrawal SMishra N(2019)Question classification system for health careProceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research10.1145/3339311.3339341(1-6)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3339311.3339341
Zhou Zhao Lijun Zhang Xiaofei He Ng W(2015)Expert Finding for Question Answering via Graph Regularized Matrix CompletionIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering10.1109/TKDE.2014.235646127:4(993-1004)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TKDE.2014.2356461
Hou JNayak RZhang JTrotman ACunningham SSitbon L(2012)Finding additional semantic entity information for search enginesProceedings of the Seventeenth Australasian Document Computing Symposium10.1145/2407085.2407101(115-122)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2407085.2407101
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Chinese Noun Phrases Chunking: A Latent Discriminative Model with Global Features
CSE '11: Proceedings of the 2011 14th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering

In the fields of Chinese natural language processing, recognizing simple and non-recursive base phrases is an important task for natural language processing applications, such as information processing and machine translation. In stead of rule-based ...
Using WordNet to automatically deduce relations between words in noun-noun compounds
COLING-ACL '06: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions

We present an algorithm for automatically disambiguating noun-noun compounds by deducing the correct semantic relation between their constituent words. This algorithm uses a corpus of 2,500 compounds annotated with WordNet senses and covering 139 ...
Unsupervised Joint PoS Tagging and Stemming for Agglutinative Languages

The number of possible word forms is theoretically infinite in agglutinative languages. This brings up the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) issue for part-of-speech (PoS) tagging in agglutinative languages. Since inflectional morphology does not change the PoS ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 1

August 2008

1178 pages

ISBN:9781905593446

Program Chairs:
Donia Scott
Open University
,
Hans Uszkoreit
Universitat des Saarlandes/DFKI

Publisher

Association for Computational Linguistics

United States

Publication History

Published: 18 August 2008

Qualifiers

Research-article

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,537 of 1,537 submissions, 100%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

6
Total Citations
View Citations
325
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)47
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6

Reflects downloads up to 06 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Agrawal SMishra N(2019)Question classification system for health careProceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research10.1145/3339311.3339341(1-6)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3339311.3339341
Zhou Zhao Lijun Zhang Xiaofei He Ng W(2015)Expert Finding for Question Answering via Graph Regularized Matrix CompletionIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering10.1109/TKDE.2014.235646127:4(993-1004)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TKDE.2014.2356461
Hou JNayak RZhang JTrotman ACunningham SSitbon L(2012)Finding additional semantic entity information for search enginesProceedings of the Seventeenth Australasian Document Computing Symposium10.1145/2407085.2407101(115-122)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2407085.2407101
Li XHajič J(2010)Understanding the semantic structure of noun phrase queriesProceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics10.5555/1858681.1858817(1337-1345)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1858681.1858817
Si XChang EGyöngyi ZSun M(2010)Confucius and its intelligent disciplesProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/1920841.19210253:1-2(1505-1516)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.14778/1920841.1921025
Coheur LMendes AGuimarães JMamede NRibeiro R(2008)Question interpretation in QA@L²FProceedings of the 9th Cross-language evaluation forum conference on Evaluating systems for multilingual and multimodal information access10.5555/1813809.1813863(377-384)Online publication date: 17-Sep-2008
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1813809.1813863

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Chinese Noun Phrases Chunking: A Latent Discriminative Model with Global Features

Using WordNet to automatically deduce relations between words in noun-noun compounds

Unsupervised Joint PoS Tagging and Stemming for Agglutinative Languages