The Emergence and Epidemiology of Haff Disease in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Search and Case Definition for Haff Disease
3. Reports of Haff Disease from China
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CPK | creatine phosphokinase |
References
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City (Reference) | Period | Sex a | Age (Year) | Number of Cases e, Latent Period, Seafood Eaten, Symptoms, Investigations, Progress, Other Affected Subjects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beijing | ||||
[9] | August 2000 | 2M | (40–42) b | M/40 and M/42 hospitalized; 7 h after eating 500 g of crayfish; moderate or severe myalgia with weakness; serum CPK 2000–10,150 IU/L; symptoms improved 4–72 h later; 1 other boy had mild symptoms |
[9] | August 2000 | 1F | 38 | F/38 hospitalized; 12 h after eating 500 g of crayfish; myalgia and weakness; serum CPK 376 IU/L; symptoms improved relapse 8 h after eating left-over crayfish 4 days later; her child (M/8) had mild myalgia and nausea |
[9] | August 2000 | 1F | 36 | F/36 hospitalized; 7 h after eating 500 g of crayfish; severe myalgia, weakness and inability to turn over and talk; symptoms improved 6 h later; 1 other child had mild weakness |
[9] | August 2000 | 1F | 40 | F/40 hospitalized; 15 h after eating 400 g of crayfish; moderate myalgia with weakness; serum CPK 6000 U/L; symptoms improved 6 h later |
[9] | August 2000 | 1F | 36 | F/36 hospitalized; 7 h after eating 20 pieces of crayfish; myalgia and weakness; symptoms improved 12 h later |
Lianzhou, Liannan | ||||
[11] | October 2009 | 36M18F | 43 c (4–74) b | 52 adults and 2 children (50 Lianzhou cases, 4 Liannan cases, 44 hospitalized); 10 min–41.5 h (median 7 h) after eating 50–700 g of pomfret (Colossoma brachypomum); weakness (83%), myalgia (76%), nausea (63%), abdominal pain (63%), dry mouth (46%), vomiting (46%), dizziness (33%), diarrhea (33%), headache (22%); 85% of 41 cases had abnormal serum CPK (92–11,696, median 1302 U/L); 6% of 36 cases had abnormal serum creatinine; symptom severity/serum CPK related to amounts eaten; home after 1–13 days (median 3.2 days) |
Nanjing | ||||
[12] | August 2010 | 9M14F | 35.8 d (20–79) b | 23 subjects hospitalized; 3–12 h after eating crayfish; myalgia (100%), change in urine color (39%), numbness in 4 limbs (17%), nausea (17%), vomiting (13%), abdominal pain (13%), chest tightness (13%), diarrhea (9%), chest pain (9%); peak serum CPK 4655 U/L (mean); normal renal function in all; normal CPK after 5–6 days |
[13] | July 2010 | 1M2F | N.A. | A girl and her mother and father hospitalized; 6–8 h after eating 2, >10 and >20 crayfish; myalgia was more severe in father and mother, with peak serum CPK of 36,360 and 8681 U/L, respectively; all were discharged home within 1 week |
[14] | July–August 2010 | 4M7F | 27.6 d (9–38) b | 11 subjects hospitalized; 3–9 h after eating >10 crayfish; myalgia (100%), weakness (82%), change in urine color (64%), nausea (46%), vomiting (18%), and hoarse voice (9%); serum CPK 2013–18,520 U/L (mean 7952 U/L); 1 of the 2 subjects with ↑ serum creatinine required hemoperfusion twice; hospital stay 3–10 days |
[15] | July 2010 | 1M | 38 | M/38 hospitalized; 6 h after eating crayfish; myalgia and change in urine color; serum CPK 3600 U/L; home after 7 days; his wife and daughter with similar symptoms after eating crayfish |
[15] | September 2010 | 1F | 21 | F/21 hospitalized; 4 h after eating crayfish; myalgia and change in urine color; serum CPK 2176 U/L; home after 16 days; 1 of her 7 colleagues sharing the crayfish meal had similar symptoms |
[16] | August 2012 | 1M | 44 | M/44 hospitalized; 5 h after eating 10 crayfish; myalgia, chest discomfort, dyspnea, and thirst; serum CPK 3414 U/L; 4 other subjects sharing the crayfish meal were asymptomatic |
[16] | August 2012 | 1F | 31 | F/31 hospitalized; 5 h after eating 10 crayfish; myalgia, vomiting, chest discomfort, and dyspnea; peak serum CPK 4992 U/L; 1 other subject who shared the same meal had similar symptoms |
[17] | August 2014 | 1M1F | 32–33 | M/33 and F/32; 8–13 h after eating 10–20 crayfish; myalgia; serum CPK 500–3685 U/L |
Yangzhou | ||||
[18] | August 2012 | 1M2F | (30–37) b | 1M2F hospitalized; 7–8 h after eating 20–40 crayfish; myalgia; serum CPK 350–5427 U/L; 3 others were well |
[18] | August 2012 | 1M | 39 | M/39 hospitalized; 7 h after eating 30 crayfish; myalgia; serum CPK 2967 U/L; 4 other subjects were well |
Huai’an | ||||
[17] | August 2013 | 1M | 18 | M/18; 6 h after eating 30 crayfish; myalgia; serum CPK 622 U/L |
Yancheng | ||||
[19] | May 2015 | 1M | 62 | M/62 hospitalized; 4–5 h after eating >10 crayfish; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, shivering, sweating, chills, and drowsiness; serum CPK 901 U/L, urea 12.4 mmol/L, bilirubin 31.7 μmol/L; ICU care for multi-organ failure before full recovery; 9 other villagers who shared the dinner were asymptomatic |
Shijiazhuang | ||||
[20] | 2010 | 1M | 26 | M/26 hospitalized; after eating crayfish; myalgia and weakness; serum CPK 27,174 U/L, nearly normal renal function; left biceps biopsy revealed rhabdomyolysis; symptoms for >3 months |
Baoding | ||||
[21] | N.A. | 1F | 43 | F/43 hospitalized; 20 h after eating crayfish; weakness; peak serum CPK 39,174 U/L; home after 7 days |
[21] | N.A. | 1M | 27 | M/27 hospitalized; 15 h after eating a large amount of crayfish; abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting; peak serum CPK 24,356 U/L; home after 10 days |
[21] | N.A. | 1F | 36 | F/36 hospitalized; 6 h after eating crayfish; myalgia, weakness; serum CPK 20,110 U/L; home 7 days later |
Yueyang | ||||
[22] | July 2010 | 3M5F | (17–48) b | 8 subjects from 3 families hospitalized; 2–3 h after eating “lobsters” from Dongting Lake; dizziness, myalgia, weakness, and chest discomfort; mean serum CPK 457 U/L; symptoms subsided after 3–5 days |
Shanghai | ||||
[23] | June 2013 | 1M | 66 | M/66 with hypertension hospitalized; 12 h after eating crayfish; myalgia, weakness, limb rigidity, dyspnea, brown-colored urine, and oliguria; serum ALT 4447 U/L, total bilirubin 81.9 μmol/L, creatinine 296 μmol/L, CPK 359 U/L, PT 36.5 s, pH 6.79, PaCO2 10.0 kPa, Hb 9.2 g/dL; CT showed exudates in right middle lobe, lingula and both lower lobes; ICU care for multi-organ failure, he died 2 days later |
Wuhu | ||||
[24] | July 2014 | 1M | 41 | M/41 hospitalized; 12 h after eating 1 kg of crayfish; myalgia, weakness and brown-colored urine; peak serum CPK 7170 U/L; home 13 days later; other subjects sharing the same meal had no symptoms |
[24] | July 2014 | 1M | 43 | M/43 hospitalized; 11 h after eating 0.5 kg of crayfish; myalgia and weakness; peak serum CPK 2031 U/L, home 7 days later; other subjects sharing the crayfish meal had no symptoms |
Shenzhen | ||||
[25] | August 2016 | 4MF | N.A. | 4 subjects hospitalized; after eating crayfish |
Hong Kong | ||||
[26] | August 2016 | 1F | 55 | F/55 hospitalized in Hong Kong for 1 day; 4 h after eating crayfish in Shenzhen; myalgia |
[26] | September 2016 | 1F | 30 | F/30 hospitalized in Hong Kong for 3 days; 5 h after eating crayfish in Shenzhen; myalgia; 2 others were well |
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Chan, T.Y.K. The Emergence and Epidemiology of Haff Disease in China. Toxins 2016, 8, 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8120359
Chan TYK. The Emergence and Epidemiology of Haff Disease in China. Toxins. 2016; 8(12):359. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8120359
Chicago/Turabian StyleChan, Thomas Y. K. 2016. "The Emergence and Epidemiology of Haff Disease in China" Toxins 8, no. 12: 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8120359
APA StyleChan, T. Y. K. (2016). The Emergence and Epidemiology of Haff Disease in China. Toxins, 8(12), 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8120359