Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State
<p>Geometry of stray radiation.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Variation curve of the optical temperature of different optical instruments at 15 °C ambient temperature.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Illustration of optical configuration. Tmp117 temperature sensors are set at the P1–P4 positions in the system to obtain the optical structure temperature.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Experimental setup for radiometric calibration: 1—blackbody; 2—airborne infrared optical system; 3—ambient temperature sensor; 4—support plate; 5—temperature test chamber; 6—blackbody controller; 7—data processing system.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Scatter diagrams between X1 and X4.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Original data collected at 7 ambient temperatures. The system works in the 3.7–4.8 <math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math>m band using a neutral-density filter with a transmittance of 99%, and the integration time of the MW infrared camera is 6 ms.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Calibration error and (<b>b</b>) temperature measurement error. The system works in the 3.7–4.8 <math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math>m band using a neutral-density filter with a transmittance of 99%, and the integration time of the MW infrared camera is 6 ms.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>MW rear optical group temperature curves at different environmental temperatures during the execution of calibration experiments.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>(<b>a</b>) Calibration errors and (<b>b</b>) temperature measurement errors for all conditions.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The established system response model takes into account the variations in internal stray radiation that occur during the unsteady heat transfer process of the system.
- The proposed radiometric calibration method does not require the system to reach thermal equilibrium and does not introduce any additional steps compared to conventional methods.
- The proposed method effectively reduces the error of laboratory calibration results when applied in actual measurement scenarios, particularly in cases where the optical temperature and its rate of change are high.
2. Inner Stray Radiation Model and Calibration Method
2.1. Radiometric Calibration Model
2.2. Internal Stray Radiation Model
2.2.1. Simplified Model of Internal Stray Radiation
2.2.2. Internal Stray Radiation Model in Non-Thermal Equilibrium State
2.3. Calibration Method and Accuracy Evaluation
- Perform the NES radiation calibration procedure by utilizing a blackbody as the standard radiation source. This calibration should be conducted at a minimum of two ambient temperatures. It is essential to ensure that the gray value falls within the linear range of the detector when capturing blackbody images. Additionally, multiple temperature measurement sensors are set in the system, and the optical temperature information is recorded concurrently with image collection.
- Conduct VIF analysis on the collected optical temperature information. Combine this analysis with the actual system setup to screen the optical temperature variables and determine the final radiation calibration model to be employed.
- Fit the data to obtain the coefficients of absolute calibration.
3. Analysis of the Calibration Method
3.1. Experiments
3.2. Selecting Optical Temperature Variables Subset
3.3. Accuracy Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Ambient Temperature (°C) | VIF X0 | VIF X1 | VIF X2 | VIF X3 | VIF X4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−25 | 5.40 | 710.32 | 870.32 | 483.76 | 282.10 |
−5 | 4.22 | 498.46 | 985.94 | 1036.65 | 208.61 |
5 | 3.54 | 5100.02 | 547.60 | 6060.65 | 199.28 |
15 | 3.47 | 449.40 | 442.41 | 1116.84 | 309.57 |
Model | Formula |
---|---|
Model 1 | |
Model 2 | |
Proposed model |
Model 1 | G | B | / | range | |
1167.36 | 2183.24 | 3082.49 | / | ||
1239.55 | 2286.04 | 2803.12 | / | ||
Model 2 | G | B | / | range | |
1136.83 | 2416.11 | 3013.31 | / | ||
1176.61 | 1856.76 | 3132.85 | / | ||
Proposed model | G | B | range | ||
1133.39 | 2381.02 | 2688.03 | 3022.17 | ||
1049.10 | 1735.06 | 5618.23 | 3275.59 |
Wave Band (μm) | Calibration Error (%) | Maximum Temperature Error (°C) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proposed Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Proposed Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
3.7–4.8 | 3.87 | 13.12 | 8.32 | 1.01 | 3.64 | 2.28 |
3.6–4.1 | 6.83 | 46.12 | 16.57 | 1.56 | 13.70 | 4.13 |
4.3–4.5 | 5.08 | 39.66 | 13.29 | 1.40 | 11.06 | 3.69 |
4.5–4.8 | 4.38 | 20.99 | 8.24 | 1.46 | 5.40 | 2.37 |
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Dong, M.; Shen, H.; Jia, P.; Sun, Y.; Liang, C.; Zhang, F.; Hou, J. Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State. Sensors 2023, 23, 6326. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146326
Dong M, Shen H, Jia P, Sun Y, Liang C, Zhang F, Hou J. Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State. Sensors. 2023; 23(14):6326. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146326
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Mingyuan, Honghai Shen, Ping Jia, Yang Sun, Chao Liang, Fan Zhang, and Jinghua Hou. 2023. "Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State" Sensors 23, no. 14: 6326. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146326
APA StyleDong, M., Shen, H., Jia, P., Sun, Y., Liang, C., Zhang, F., & Hou, J. (2023). Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State. Sensors, 23(14), 6326. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146326