First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications
<p>Distribution of in situ dataset: red dots are for AERONET-OC sites, blue dot is for PANTHYR site (colocated with the AERONET-OC AAOT Venice), and yellow diamond is for the WISPStation site.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>TOA radiances measured by PRISMA and Sentinel-2/MSI (S2), and simulated with 6SV (labelled as in situ). Symbol * means that Sentinel-2 and PRISMA overpasses occurred on the same day.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Scatterplots of TOA radiances from PRISMA (x-axis) vs. 6SV simulations (y-axis) for common bands. Blue dots are indicating the comparison for AERONET-OC sites, green for WISPStation and yellow for PANTHYR.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Scatterplots of TOA radiances from PRISMA (x-axis) vs. 6SV simulations from in situ data (y-axis) and PRISMA (x-axis) for the nine test sites. The plots are generated for wavelengths (in nm) of the six bands which are common to all in situ data.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Scatterplots of TOA radiances from PRISMA (x-axis) vs. Sentinel-2/MSI (y-axis) for the eight match-ups (corresponding to five sites, i.e., all save Lucinda). Diamonds in blue highlight when PRISMA and Sentinel-2/MSI were acquired on the same day, diamonds in red stand for +/− 1 day mismatch.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Satellite Data
2.2. In Situ Data
2.2.1. AERONET-OC System and Network
2.2.2. WISPStation System
2.2.3. PANTHYR System
2.3. Simulation of TOA Radiances
- rw is the water reflectance above water;
- is the TOA radiance at sensor level;
- is the atmospheric transmittance in the upwelling path;
- is the contribution of the surrounding reflectance (S is the spherical albedo);
- is the radiance scattered by the atmosphere into the sensor’s field of view before ever reaching the water body;
- is the spectral irradiance at ground level which is composed by two components, direct and diffuse irradiance:
- -
- is the spectral irradiance from the Sun to the Earth’s surface due to the contribution of Rayleigh and Mie scattering;
- -
- is the extraterrestrial solar irradiance;
- -
- is the Sun zenith angle;
- -
- is the atmospheric transmittance in the downwelling path;
2.4. Match-Up Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Orbit altitude reference | 615 km |
Field of View (FOV) | 2.77° |
Instantaneous FOV | 48.34 mrad |
Swath | 30 km |
Ground Sampling Distance | Hyperspectral camera: 30 m |
Panchromatic camera: 5 m | |
Spectral range | VNIR: 400–1010 nm (66 bands) |
SWIR: 920–2500 nm (173 bands) | |
PAN: 400–700 nm | |
Signal-to-noise ratio | VNIR: >160 (450 at 650 nm) |
SWIR: >100 (>360 at 1550 nm) | |
PAN: >240 | |
Spectral Width | ≤14 nm |
Spectral Calibration Accuracy | ±0.1 nm |
Radiometric quantisation | 12 bits |
Repeat cycle | 29 days (450 orbits) |
Relook time | <7 days |
Lifetime | 5 years |
Site Name | Lat, Long and Time of In Situ Data Gathering | AOD | SZA | VZA | PRISMA | Sentinel-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zeebrugge | 51.362 N, 3.120 E; AERONET-OC 10:28 | 0.15 | 33.15 | 1.62 | 23 July 2019 10:57:56 | 23 July 2019 10:56:29 |
Lucinda | 18.520 S, 146.386 E; AERONET-OC 01:57 | 0.04 | 36.61 | 15 | 25 July 2019 00:30:40 | no overpass |
Casablanca platform | 40.717 N, 1.358 E; AERONET-OC 11:34 | 0.12 | 60.66 | 5 | 26 December 2019 10:51:57 | 27 December 2019 10:53:49 |
Bahia Blanca | 39.148 S, 61.722 W; AERONET-OC 13:06 | 0.06 | 41.59 | 5 | 27 February 2020 14:14:31 | 26 February 2020 14:00:49 |
AAOT Venice | 45.314 N, 12.508 E; AERONET-OC 10:21 | 0.097 | 27.56 | 15 | 14 July 2019 10:05:58 | 13 July 2019 10:10:31 |
AAOT Venice | 45.314 N, 12.508 E; AERONET-OC 09:36, PANTHYR 10:00-10:20 | 0.24 | 62.80 | 5 | 8 February 2020 10:10:29 | 8 February 2020 10:11:51 |
Lake Trasimeno | 43.121 N, 12.130 E; WISPStation 10:00-10:15 | 0.18 | 27.30 | 0.8 | 26 July 2019 10:13:20 | 25 July 2019 10:00:39 |
Lake Trasimeno | 43.121 N, 12.130 E; WISPStation 10:00-10:15 | 0.11 | 33.47 | 15 | 23 April 2020 10:04:28 | 23 April 2020 10:05:49 |
Lake Trasimeno | 43.121 N, 12.130 E; WISPStation 10:00-10:15 | 0.13 | 24.03 | 5 | 03 June 2020 10:10:59 | 02 June 2020 10:05:59 |
Statistical Metric | Equation |
---|---|
Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) | |
Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) | |
Spectral Angle (SA) | |
Square of the coefficient of correlation (R2) |
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Giardino, C.; Bresciani, M.; Braga, F.; Fabbretto, A.; Ghirardi, N.; Pepe, M.; Gianinetto, M.; Colombo, R.; Cogliati, S.; Ghebrehiwot, S.; et al. First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications. Sensors 2020, 20, 4553. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164553
Giardino C, Bresciani M, Braga F, Fabbretto A, Ghirardi N, Pepe M, Gianinetto M, Colombo R, Cogliati S, Ghebrehiwot S, et al. First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications. Sensors. 2020; 20(16):4553. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164553
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiardino, Claudia, Mariano Bresciani, Federica Braga, Alice Fabbretto, Nicola Ghirardi, Monica Pepe, Marco Gianinetto, Roberto Colombo, Sergio Cogliati, Semhar Ghebrehiwot, and et al. 2020. "First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications" Sensors 20, no. 16: 4553. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164553
APA StyleGiardino, C., Bresciani, M., Braga, F., Fabbretto, A., Ghirardi, N., Pepe, M., Gianinetto, M., Colombo, R., Cogliati, S., Ghebrehiwot, S., Laanen, M., Peters, S., Schroeder, T., Concha, J. A., & Brando, V. E. (2020). First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications. Sensors, 20(16), 4553. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164553