PSpice Modeling of a Sandwich Piezoelectric Ceramic Ultrasonic Transducer in Longitudinal Vibration
<p>Simplified structure diagram of a sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The circuit structure diagram of a transmission line of a length of Δ<span class="html-italic">z</span>.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Piezoelectric ceramic ring vibrating in thickness mode.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Leach’s equivalent circuit model for a thickness vibration piezoelectric ring.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The lossless transmission line model in PSpice.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>PSpice circuit of the Leach’s model of a piezoelectric ceramic ring vibrating in thickness direction.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The piezoelectric ceramic stack composed of four same thickness-poled rings.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>PSpice circuit model of a piezoelectric ceramic stack with electrodes.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The AC analysis simulation circuit of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>The impedance test of the sandwiched ultrasonic transducer.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>The impedance-frequency relationship of the sandwiched ultrasonic transducer.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>The single tone signal modulated by Hanning window.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>The vibrational velocity ratio between the front and back masses.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>The simulation circuit of the pitch-catch setup.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>The impedance analysis of the pitch-catch setup.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>The pitch-catch experimental platform, (<b>a</b>) experimental testing; (<b>b</b>) Aluminum cylinders and sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>The signal waveform received by the ultrasonic transducer under the condition that the aluminum cylinder is 20 mm in length, (<b>a</b>) the simulated results; (<b>b</b>) experimental results.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>The signal waveform received by the ultrasonic transducer under the condition that the aluminum cylinder is 100 mm in length, (<b>a</b>) the simulated results; (<b>b</b>) experimental results.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Transmission Line and Wave Theories
- represents the resistance per unit length in ,
- represents the inductance per unit length in ,
- represents the conductance per unit length in ,
- represents the capacitance per unit length in .
2.2. Piezoelectric Ceramic Ring Vibrating in Thickness Mode
3. PSpice Modeling
3.1. Modeling of Non-Piezoelectric Elements
3.2. Modeling of the Piezoelectric Ceramic Stack Vibrating in Longitudinal Direction
3.3. The Sandwich Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer Model with PSpice
3.4. Impedance Analysis
3.5. Transient Analysis
4. The Pitch-Catch Setup
- ①
- the length of the transmission medium is 20 mm and the excitation signal frequencies are 23.309 and 21.098 in kHz.
- ②
- the length of the transmission medium is 100 mm and the excitation signal frequencies are 23.309 and 24.363 in kHz.
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The comparisons of the measured results and simulated values of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer indicate the accuracy of the proposed lossy model.
- (2)
- The PSpice model has been successfully applied to the pitch-catch setup. It is shown that the experimental results and the simulated values have good consistency. Simultaneously, we can find that the optimal excitation frequency of the sandwiched ultrasonic transducer is not necessarily the resonance frequency for the pitch-catch setup.
- (3)
- The accomplishment in PSpice can provide convenient analysis for the sandwiched piezoelectric transducers in time and frequency domains. Compared with the sandwiched piezoelectric transducer model based on Mason’s equivalent circuit, the proposed model may be more easily used to investigate the sandwiched transducers.
- (4)
- The proposed PSpice model of sandwich piezoelectric transducers can be more conveniently used to combine with other circuits such as driving circuits, filters, amplifiers, and so on.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Value |
---|---|
(kg/m3) | 7500 |
(m/s) | 4600 |
A (m2) | 957.4 × 10−6 |
(m) | 5 × 10−3 |
500 | |
0.004 | |
(m/F) | 1.78 × 108 |
(V/m) | 27.12 × 108 |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
(kg/m3) | 2700 |
(m/s) | 5037 |
(m2) | 1075.2 × 10−6 |
(m) | 43 × 10−3 |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
(kg/m3) | 7800 |
(m/s) | 5262 |
(m2) | 1134.1 × 10−6 |
(m) | 45 × 10−3 |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
(kg/m3) | 8900 |
(m/s) | 3718 |
(m2) | 1134.1 × 10−6 |
(m) | 0.5 × 10−3 |
Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|
23.309 | 22.2 | 4.99% | |
24.885 | 25.1 | 0.86% |
Frequency (kHz) | VS1(V) | Vm1(V) | Δ1% |
---|---|---|---|
23.309 | 6.65 | 7.76 | 14.3% |
21.098 | 8.16 | 8.88 | 8.1% |
Frequency (kHz) | VS2(V) | Vm2(V) | Δ2% |
---|---|---|---|
23.309 | 6.32 | 6.96 | 9.2% |
24.363 | 6.92 | 7.76 | 10.8% |
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Wei, X.; Yang, Y.; Yao, W.; Zhang, L. PSpice Modeling of a Sandwich Piezoelectric Ceramic Ultrasonic Transducer in Longitudinal Vibration. Sensors 2017, 17, 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102253
Wei X, Yang Y, Yao W, Zhang L. PSpice Modeling of a Sandwich Piezoelectric Ceramic Ultrasonic Transducer in Longitudinal Vibration. Sensors. 2017; 17(10):2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102253
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Xiaoyuan, Yuan Yang, Wenqing Yao, and Lei Zhang. 2017. "PSpice Modeling of a Sandwich Piezoelectric Ceramic Ultrasonic Transducer in Longitudinal Vibration" Sensors 17, no. 10: 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102253
APA StyleWei, X., Yang, Y., Yao, W., & Zhang, L. (2017). PSpice Modeling of a Sandwich Piezoelectric Ceramic Ultrasonic Transducer in Longitudinal Vibration. Sensors, 17(10), 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102253