Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China
<p>Map of the study area (Panzhihua Prefecture-level city).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Flowchart of provincial hectare ecological footprint study.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Composition of (<b>a</b>) the ecological footprint, (<b>b</b>) the ecological capacity, and (<b>c</b>) the ecological deficit in Panzhihua City from 2005 to 2014.</p> "> Figure 3 Cont.
<p>Composition of (<b>a</b>) the ecological footprint, (<b>b</b>) the ecological capacity, and (<b>c</b>) the ecological deficit in Panzhihua City from 2005 to 2014.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Maps of ecological footprint per capita.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Maps of ecological capacity per capita.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Temporal dynamics of EPI and EFG.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Temporal dynamics of ESI and ECI.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The comparison of average EQF and YF with Liu’s and Yang’s studies.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Comparison of ecological footprint in Panzhihua City with Yang’s study.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Datasets
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Ecological Footprint Model
2.2.2. Equivalence Factors and Yield Factors
2.2.3. Ecological Deficit/Surplus Model
2.2.4. Sustainable Development Evaluation Indicators
3. Results
3.1. Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint
3.2. Spatial Pattern of the Ecological Footprint
3.3. Sustainable Development Evaluation
3.3.1. Dynamics of Ecological Pressure Index and Ecological Footprint per Ten Thousand GDP
3.3.2. Changes in the Ecological Sustainability Index and the Ecological Coordination Index
4. Discussion
4.1. EF-NPP and Traditional Ecological Footprint Analysis
4.2. Ecological Footprint Spatial Pattern and Sustainable Development Evaluation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Land Use | Type of Consumption |
---|---|
Cultivated land | food, vegetables, oilseeds, pork, poultry, and eggs |
Forest | fruit, tea |
Grassland | beef, lamb, poultry, milk, honey, cocoons |
Water bodies | aquatic product |
Built-up land | electrical power |
Fossil energy land | raw coal, coke, crude oil, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, natural gas |
Level | Ecological Pressure Index | Characterization Status |
---|---|---|
1 | <0.5 | Extremely safe |
2 | <0.8 | Safe |
3 | <1.0 | Relatively safe |
4 | <1.5 | Relatively unsafe |
5 | <2.0 | Unsafe |
6 | >2.0 | Extremely unsafe |
Level | Ecological Sustainability Index | Characterization Status |
---|---|---|
1 | >0.80 | Strong sustainability |
2 | <0.80 | Medium sustainable |
3 | <0.65 | Weakly sustainable |
4 | <0.50 | Weakness is not sustainable |
5 | <0.35 | Moderately unsustainable |
6 | <0.20 | Strong but unsustainable |
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Zhang, S.; Li, F.; Zhou, Y.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, R.; Xiang, X.; Zhang, Y. Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053067
Zhang S, Li F, Zhou Y, Hu Z, Zhang R, Xiang X, Zhang Y. Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China. Sustainability. 2022; 14(5):3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053067
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Shuhui, Fuquan Li, Yuke Zhou, Ziyuan Hu, Ruixin Zhang, Xiaoyu Xiang, and Yali Zhang. 2022. "Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China" Sustainability 14, no. 5: 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053067
APA StyleZhang, S., Li, F., Zhou, Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, R., Xiang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China. Sustainability, 14(5), 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053067