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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model

by
Andrea Vornoli
1,
Aymen Souid
1,
Barbara Lazzari
2,
Federica Turri
3,
Flavia Pizzi
3,
Emilia Bramanti
4,
Beatrice Campanella
4,
Cheherazade Trouki
5,6,
Andrea Raffaelli
1,7,
Marta Wójcik
8,
Clara Maria Della Croce
1,
Lucia Giorgetti
1,
Vincenzo Longo
1,
Emanuele Capra
3,* and
Luisa Pozzo
1,*
1
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
3
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
4
Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
5
Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
6
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
7
Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
8
Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(24), 5954; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245954
Submission received: 5 November 2024 / Revised: 2 December 2024 / Accepted: 12 December 2024 / Published: 17 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Natural Products and Their Biological Activities)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Beer and its components show potential for reducing hepatic steatosis in rodent models through multiple mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate beer’s anti-steatotic effects in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease (MASLD) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In the HFD group, steatosis was confirmed by altered blood parameters, weight gain, elevated liver lipid content, and histological changes. These markers were normalized in the HFD+beer group, reaching levels similar to the control (CTR) group. Protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation levels were consistent across all groups, suggesting that the model represents an early stage of MASLD without oxidative stress. Transcriptomic and CpG methylation analyses revealed clear distinctions between the CTR and HFD groups. RNA sequencing identified 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CTR and HFD groups, primarily related to inflammation and lipid regulation. Beer consumption modified the health of the HFD mice, affecting inflammation but not lipid homeostasis (CTR vs. HFD+beer, DEGs = 43). The CpG methylation analysis indicated that beer lowered methylation, impacting genes linked to lipid accumulation and inflammation. A cecal metabolite analysis suggested that beer improved short-chain fatty acid metabolism (SCFA). In summary, a moderate beer intake may mitigate MASLD by modulating lipid metabolism and SCFA pathways, likely through polyphenol activity.
Keywords: steatosis; beer; gene expression; DNA methylation; cecal metabolites; phenolic compounds steatosis; beer; gene expression; DNA methylation; cecal metabolites; phenolic compounds

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Vornoli, A.; Souid, A.; Lazzari, B.; Turri, F.; Pizzi, F.; Bramanti, E.; Campanella, B.; Trouki, C.; Raffaelli, A.; Wójcik, M.; et al. A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model. Molecules 2024, 29, 5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245954

AMA Style

Vornoli A, Souid A, Lazzari B, Turri F, Pizzi F, Bramanti E, Campanella B, Trouki C, Raffaelli A, Wójcik M, et al. A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model. Molecules. 2024; 29(24):5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245954

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vornoli, Andrea, Aymen Souid, Barbara Lazzari, Federica Turri, Flavia Pizzi, Emilia Bramanti, Beatrice Campanella, Cheherazade Trouki, Andrea Raffaelli, Marta Wójcik, and et al. 2024. "A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model" Molecules 29, no. 24: 5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245954

APA Style

Vornoli, A., Souid, A., Lazzari, B., Turri, F., Pizzi, F., Bramanti, E., Campanella, B., Trouki, C., Raffaelli, A., Wójcik, M., Croce, C. M. D., Giorgetti, L., Longo, V., Capra, E., & Pozzo, L. (2024). A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model. Molecules, 29(24), 5954. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245954

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