Construction Worker Risk-Taking Behavior Model with Individual and Organizational Factors
<p>Proposed research model for explaining construction worker risk-taking behaviour to be tested in this study.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Results for the proposed research model in this study (solid line indicates significance and dotted line indicates non-significance).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Individual Factors
2.2. Organizational Factors
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Questionnaire Design
3.3. Participants
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Model Assessment
4.2. Structural Model Assessment
4.3. Analysis on the Effect of Demographic Factors on Risk-Taking Behavior of Construction Workers
5. Discussion
5.1. Attitude toward Risk
5.2. Cognitive Bias
5.3. Risk Perception
5.4. Safety Climate
5.5. Work Conditions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Constructs | Items | Item contents | References |
---|---|---|---|
Attitude toward risk (ATR) | ATR1 | You like taking risks at work. | [29,30] |
ATR2 | You think taking risks at work is a good idea. | ||
Cognitive bias (CB) | CB1 | In a situation where labor and material resources are already mobilized, it is impossible to stop working for any safety considerations even if you know about the potential risks. | [31] |
CB2 | You believe that you can prevent any kind of accident related to your work. | ||
CB3 | Your sufficient, relevant experience ensures that you will not be injured in the construction site. | ||
Risk perception (RP) | You think it is very risky if … | [18,32,33] | |
RP1 | you continue doing a typical task when you are feeling tired or fatigued. | ||
RP2 | you walk across wet ground where electrical wires or cables are laid out. | ||
RP3 | you do not wear a safety harness when working on a 1.5 m (5 ft) high scaffolding platform without a guardrail. | ||
Safety climate (SC) | SC1 | You think that your supervisor or company provides adequate and rigorous safety supervision and support in your workplace. | [34,35] |
SC2 | Your company has a firm commitment to safety by monitoring safety in the workplace. | ||
SC3 | Members of your team are very concerned about their own safety performance. | ||
SC4 | You feel great satisfaction whenever you have high safety performance. | ||
Work condition (WC) | WC1 | You always secure the hook of your safety harness while working at heights because anchor points are available for hooking. | [29,36,37,38] |
WC2 | You always work under sufficient lighting. | ||
WC3 | Given the restrictions in workplaces regarding the use of approved access ladders or working platforms, you always use proper ladders to carry out your work above ground. | ||
WC4 | During handling construction debris, safety gloves are always available for you. | ||
WC5 | Many safety equipment/devices required at work are always available on the spot or easy to obtain. | ||
Risk-taking behavior (RTB) | During the past 12 months, | [39,40] | |
RTB1 | you have always worked or walked across a guardrail-free working platform at a height of 2 m or more above ground without wearing a safety harness. | ||
RTB2 | you have always worked without using the required PPE, tools, or other working equipment. | ||
RTB3 | you have always worked at a height of 2 m or more above ground without anchoring your safety harness properly. | ||
RTB4 | you have always used any unapproved access ladders when working at a height of 1.5 m or more above ground. | ||
RTB5 | you have always refused to wear safety goggles and earplugs during cutting and hammering? |
Demographic Information | Number of Participants | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 156 | 83.0 |
Female | 32 | 17.0 |
Age | ||
30 or Below | 36 | 19.2 |
31–40 | 43 | 22.9 |
41–50 | 53 | 28.2 |
51–60 | 46 | 24.5 |
61 or Above | 10 | 5.2 |
Education Level | ||
Primary School or Below | 28 | 14.9 |
Lower Secondary | 76 | 40.4 |
Higher Secondary | 48 | 25.5 |
Diploma/Certificate | 27 | 14.4 |
Degree or Above | 9 | 4.8 |
Marital Status | ||
Single | 43 | 22.9 |
Married | 132 | 70.2 |
Divorced/Separated | 11 | 5.9 |
Widowed | 2 | 1.1 |
Constructs | Items | FL | CR | AVE | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attitude toward risk (ATR) | ATR1 | 0.784 | 0.852 | 0.744 | 0.836 |
ATR2 | 0.934 | ||||
Cognitive bias (CB) | CB1 | 0.662 | 0.825 | 0.614 | 0.818 |
CB2 | 0.861 | ||||
CB3 | 0.813 | ||||
Risk perception (RP) | RP1 | 0.773 | 0.797 | 0.569 | 0.788 |
RP2 | 0.662 | ||||
RP3 | 0.820 | ||||
Safety climate (SC) | SC1 | 0.822 | 0.808 | 0.515 | 0.809 |
SC2 | 0.636 | ||||
SC3 | 0.651 | ||||
SC4 | 0.746 | ||||
Work condition (WC) | WC1 | 0.770 | 0.843 | 0.521 | 0.840 |
WC2 | 0.743 | ||||
WC3 | 0.796 | ||||
WC4 | 0.584 | ||||
WC5 | 0.698 | ||||
Risk-taking behavior (RTB) | RTB1 | 0.801 | 0.858 | 0.549 | 0.868 |
RTB2 | 0.710 | ||||
RTB3 | 0.749 | ||||
RTB4 | 0.741 | ||||
RTB5 | 0.698 |
ATR | CB | RP | SC | WC | RTB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATR | 0.86 | |||||
CB | 0.18 * | 0.78 | ||||
RP | −0.34 * | −0.27 * | 0.75 | |||
SC | −0.32 * | 0.04 | 0.30 * | 0.72 | ||
WC | −0.29 * | −0.12 * | 0.49 * | 0.39 * | 0.72 | |
RTB | 0.51 * | 0.10 * | −0.47 * | −0.19 * | −0.46 * | 0.74 |
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Low, B.K.L.; Man, S.S.; Chan, A.H.S.; Alabdulkarim, S. Construction Worker Risk-Taking Behavior Model with Individual and Organizational Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081335
Low BKL, Man SS, Chan AHS, Alabdulkarim S. Construction Worker Risk-Taking Behavior Model with Individual and Organizational Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(8):1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081335
Chicago/Turabian StyleLow, Banus Kam Leung, Siu Shing Man, Alan Hoi Shou Chan, and Saad Alabdulkarim. 2019. "Construction Worker Risk-Taking Behavior Model with Individual and Organizational Factors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8: 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081335
APA StyleLow, B. K. L., Man, S. S., Chan, A. H. S., & Alabdulkarim, S. (2019). Construction Worker Risk-Taking Behavior Model with Individual and Organizational Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081335