Is Ultrasonography an Effective Method for Diagnosing Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint?
<p>(<b>a</b>) CBCT (coronal view). Black arrow points to erosion and subchondral cyst. Anatomical structures of the TMJ: 1. Disc, 2. Condyle, 3. Temporal Bone; (<b>b</b>) CBCT (sagittal view). Black arrow indicates osteophyte. Anatomical structures of the TMJ: 1. Disc, 2. Condyle, 3. Temporal Bone.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Ultrasonography (sagittal view). Black arrow is pointing to erosion. Anatomical structures: 1. Glenoid Fossa, 2. Disc, 3. Condyle, 4. Masseter muscle; (<b>b</b>) Ultrasonography (axial view). Black arrow shows osteophyte. Anatomical structures: 1. Glenoid Fossa, 2. Disc, 3. Condyle, 4. Masseter muscle.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Patients over 18 years of age | Patients under 18 years of age |
Patients who presented to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department due to TMD | Patients with polyarthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout arthritis and psoriatic arthritis) |
Patients who agreed to participate in the study | Subjects who were not willing to participate in the study |
Patients with history of TMD treatment | |
Patients with trauma | |
Patients with a history of orthodontic treatment, plastic surgery, or other craniofacial surgery |
Characteristic | n | Examination Technique | p b | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CBCT, n1 = 40 a | US, n2 = 40 a | |||
Right mandibular head | ||||
normal outline | 40 | 22 (55.00%) | 31 (77.50%) | 0.039 |
abnormal outline | 40 | 18 (45.00%) | 9 (22.50%) | 0.039 |
erosions present | 40 | 7 (17.50%) | 3 (7.50%) | 0.289 |
osteophytes present | 40 | 11 (27.50%) | 3 (7.50%) | 0.027 |
Left mandibular head | ||||
normal outline | 40 | 27 (67.50%) | 23 (57.50%) | 0.502 |
abnormal outline | 40 | 13 (32.50%) | 10 (25.00%) | 0.628 |
erosions present | 40 | 6 (15.00%) | 1 (2.50%) | 0.131 |
osteophytes present | 40 | 5 (12.50%) | 8 (20.00%) | 0.505 |
Bone structure | ||||
normal (right) | 40 | 36 (90.00%) | 30 (75.00%) | 0.149 |
normal (left) | 40 | 35 (87.50%) | 30 (75.00%) | 0.182 |
Conclusions | ||||
degenerative change (right joint) | 40 | 19 (47.50%) | 18 (45.00%) | 1.000 |
degenerative change (left joint) | 40 | 14 (35.00%) | 22 (55.00%) | 0.043 |
Characteristic | AC1 | SE | CI 95% | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Right mandibular head | ||||
normal outline | 0.32 | 0.16 | −0.002, 0.645 | 0.052 |
abnormal outline | 0.32 | 0.16 | −0.002, 0.645 | 0.052 |
erosions present | 0.74 | 0.10 | 0.549, 0.939 | <0.001 |
osteophytes present | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.411, 0.886 | <0.001 |
Left mandibular head | ||||
normal outline | 0.06 | 0.17 | −0.289, 0.406 | 0.734 |
abnormal outline | 0.28 | 0.17 | −0.059, 0.619 | 0.103 |
erosions present | 0.79 | 0.08 | 0.622, 0.961 | <0.001 |
osteophytes present | 0.69 | 0.11 | 0.470, 0.911 | <0.001 |
Bone structure | ||||
normal (right) | 0.58 | 0.13 | 0.317, 0.840 | <0.001 |
normal (left) | 0.68 | 0.11 | 0.448, 0.905 | <0.001 |
Conclusions | ||||
degenerative change (right joint) | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.053, 0.654 | 0.022 |
degenerative change (left joint) | 0.41 | 0.15 | 0.112, 0.700 | 0.008 |
Characteristic | AP | AT | Sens | Spec | PPV | NPV | PLR | NLR | T+O− | T−O+ | T+T+ | T−T− | CCP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right mandibular head | |||||||||||||
normal outline | 0.78 (0.62, 0.89) | 0.55 (0.38, 0.71) | 0.86 (0.65, 0.97) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.59) | 0.61 (0.42, 0.78) | 0.67 (0.30, 0.93) | 1.30 (0.90, 0.87) | 0.41 (0.12, 1.41) | 0.67 (0.41, 0.87) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.35) | 0.39 (0.22, 0.58) | 0.33 (0.07, 0.70) | 0.62 (0.46, 0.77) |
abnormal outline | 0.22 (0.11, 0.38) | 0.45 (0.29, 0.62) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.59) | 0.86 (0.65, 0.97) | 0.67 (0.30, 0.93) | 0.61 (0.42, 0.78) | 2.44 (0.71, 8.43) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.11) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.35) | 0.67 (0.41, 0.87) | 0.33 (0.07, 0.70) | 0.39 (0.22, 0.58) | 0.62 (0.46, 0.77) |
erosions present | 0.07 (0.02, 0.20) | 0.17 (0.07, 0.33) | 0.14 (0.00, 0.58) | 0.94 (0.80, 0.99) | 0.33 (0.01, 0.91) | 0.84 (0.68, 0.94) | 2.36 (0.25, 22.54) | 0.91 (0.67, 1.25) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.20) | 0.86 (0.42, 1.00) | 0.67 (0.09, 0.99) | 0.16 (0.09, 0.99) | 0.80 (0.64, 0.91) |
osteophytes present | 0.07 (0.02, 0.20) | 0.28 (0.15, 0.44) | 0.18 (0.02, 0.52) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.00) | 0.67 (0.09, 0.99) | 0.76 (0.59, 0.88) | 5.27 (0.53, 52.48) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.13) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.18) | 0.82 (0.48, 0.98) | 0.33 (0.01, 0.91) | 0.24 (0.12, 0.41) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.87) |
Left mandibular head | |||||||||||||
normal outline | 0.57 (0.41, 0.73) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.81) | 0.56 (0.35, 0.75) | 0.38 (0.14, 0.68) | 0.65 (0.43, 0.84) | 0.29 (0.10, 0.56) | 0.90 (0.52, 1.56) | 1.16 (0.52, 2.59) | 0.62 (0.32, 0.86) | 0.44 (0.25, 0.65) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.57) | 0.71 (0.44, 0.90) | 0.50 (0.34, 0.66) |
abnormal outline | 0.25 (0.13, 0.41) | 0.32 (0.19, 0.49) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.54) | 0.74 (0.54, 0.89) | 0.30 (0.07, 0.65) | 0.67 (0.47, 0.83) | 0.89 (0.27, 0.90) | 1.04 (0.72, 1,51) | 0.26 (0.11, 0.46) | 0.77 (0.46, 0.95) | 0.70 (0.35, 0.93) | 0.33 (0.17, 0.53) | 0.57 (0.41, 0.73) |
erosions present | 0.02 (0.00, 0.13) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.30) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.46) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.97) | 0.85 (0.69, 0.94) | 0.00 (0.00, n/a) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.03 (0.00,0.15) | 1.00 (0.54,1.00) | 1.00 (0.02, 1.00) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.31) | 0.82 (0.67, 0.93) |
osteophytes present | 0.20 (0.09, 0.36) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.27) | 0.40 (0.05, 0.85) | 0.83 (0.66, 0.93) | 0.25 (0.03, 0.65) | 0.91 (0.75, 0.98) | 2.33 (0.64, 8.54) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.50) | 0.17 (0.07, 0.34) | 0.60 (0.15, 0.95) | 0.75 (0.35, 0.97) | 0.09 (0.02, 0.25) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.89) |
Bone structure | |||||||||||||
normal (right) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.87) | 0.90 (0.76, 0.97) | 0.75 (0.58, 0.88) | 0.25 (0.01, 0.81) | 0.90 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.10 (0.00, 0.45) | 1.00 (0.55, 1.82) | 1.00 (0.17, 5.98) | 0.75 (0.19, 0.99) | 0.25 (0.12, 0.42) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.27) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.00) | 0.70 (0.53, 0.83) |
normal (left) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.87) | 0.88 (0.73, 0.96) | 0.80 (0.63, 0.92) | 0.60 (0.15, 0.95) | 0.93 (0.78, 0.99) | 0.30 (0.07, 0.65) | 2.00 (0.67, 5.93) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.88) | 0.40 (0.05, 0.85) | 0.20 (0.08, 0.37) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.22) | 0.70 (0.35, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.89) |
Conclusions | |||||||||||||
degenerative change (right joint) | 0.45 (0.29, 0.62) | 0.47 (0.32, 0.64) | 0.63 (0.38, 0.84) | 0.71 (0.48, 0.89) | 0.67 (0.41, 0.87) | 0.68 (0.45, 0.86) | 2.21 (1.04, 4.72) | 0.52 (0.27, 0.99) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.52) | 0.37 (0.16, 0.62) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.59) | 0.32 (0.14, 0.55) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.81) |
degenerative change (left joint) | 0.55 (0.38, 0.71) | 0.35 (0.21, 0.52) | 0.86 (0.57, 0.98) | 0.62 (0.41, 0.80) | 0.55 (0.32, 0.76) | 0.89 (0.65, 0.99) | 2.23 (0.06, 0.87) | 0.23 (0.06, 0.87) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.59) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.43) | 0.45 (0.24, 0.68) | 0.11 (0.01, 0.35) | 0.70 (0.53,0.83) |
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Wojciechowska, B.; Szarmach, A.; Michcik, A.; Sikora, M.; Drogoszewska, B. Is Ultrasonography an Effective Method for Diagnosing Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint? Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122915
Wojciechowska B, Szarmach A, Michcik A, Sikora M, Drogoszewska B. Is Ultrasonography an Effective Method for Diagnosing Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint? Biomedicines. 2024; 12(12):2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122915
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciechowska, Barbara, Arkadiusz Szarmach, Adam Michcik, Maciej Sikora, and Barbara Drogoszewska. 2024. "Is Ultrasonography an Effective Method for Diagnosing Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint?" Biomedicines 12, no. 12: 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122915
APA StyleWojciechowska, B., Szarmach, A., Michcik, A., Sikora, M., & Drogoszewska, B. (2024). Is Ultrasonography an Effective Method for Diagnosing Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint? Biomedicines, 12(12), 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122915