Brain and blood metabolite signatures of pathology and progression in Alzheimer disease: A targeted metabolomics study
Fig 4
Heat map summarizing associations between metabolites and AD endophenotypes.
Meanings of column headings: AD-ASY-CN, association between brain tissue metabolite concentration and clinical diagnosis of AD; CERAD, association between brain tissue metabolite concentration and plaques measured by CERAD score; Braak, association between brain tissue metabolite concentration and neurofibrillary tangle burden measured by Braak score; SPARE-AD, association between blood tissue metabolite concentration in ADNI and SPARE-AD score; A Beta, association between blood tissue metabolite concentration in ADNI and CSF Aβ1–42; t-tau, association between blood tissue metabolite concentration in ADNI and CSF (t-tau); p-tau, association between blood tissue metabolite concentration in ADNI and CSF (p-tau); Cog perfor, association between blood tissue metabolite concentration and cognitive performance prior to AD onset; EASE-AD, sum of significant associations across AD-related endophenotypes. ADNI Cox: association between blood tissue metabolite concentration and risk of incident AD in ADNI among MCI individuals. BLSA Cox: association between blood tissue metabolite concentration and risk of incident AD/MCI in BLSA among cognitively normal individuals. Aβ1–42, amyloid beta 1–42; AD, Alzheimer disease; ADNI, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ASY, asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease; BLSA, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; CN, control; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EASE-AD, Endophenotype Association Score in Early Alzheimer’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; OH, hydroxyl; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; PC, phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin; SPARE-AD, Spatial Pattern of Abnormality for Recognition of Early Alzheimer’s disease; t-tau, total tau.