Surface reflectance measurements in the ultraviolet from an airborne platform. Part 2

D. D. Doda and A. E. S. Green

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D. D. Doda and A. E. S. Green, "Surface reflectance measurements in the ultraviolet from an airborne platform. Part 2," Appl. Opt. 20, 636-642 (1981)

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Abstract

The spectral and broadband reflectance of naturally occurring desert sand, black lava, White Sands, New Mexico gypsum sand, and snow cover is measured from a twin engine Cessna 402-series aircraft. The measurement system, fully described in Part 1 [ D. D. Doda and A. E. S. Green, Appl. Opt. 19, 2140 ( 1980)], is computer controlled and electrically isolated from the aircraft. It consists of upward and downward looking hemispheric diffusers, filters, a rotating 90° mirror, a focusing lens, and a double monochromator/PMT or a UV enhanced photodiode. Measurements are made at several altitudes enabling the empirical determination of the backscatter and attenuation effects on the reflectance. In addition these reflectance results along with those reported earlier for a pine forest, green farmland, the open ocean, and brown farmland are represented analytically.

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	A		B		C			D			E
	Desert Sand		Black Lava		Gypsum Sand A			Gypsum Sand B			Snow Cover

	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE
297.6	–	–	–	–	19.61	16.79	19.31	18.32	16.65	19.87	31.95	29.56	29.09
300.0	–	–	–	–	19.09	19.38	20.48	18.89	17.94	20.54	27.22	28.43	28.40
302.0	5.92	4.12	6.14	1.85	22.86	22.28	25.54	22.76	21.57	24.08	26.49	29.56	33.15
305.9	5.47	3.96	4.67	2.22	25.35	24.10	26.25	24.61	22.30	24.65	30.26	29.05	33.72
310.0	5.63	3.89	4.88	1.89	28.70	27.19	29.42	27.55	25.11	27.78	36.81	34.63	37.45
312.5	5.55	3.98	4.66	2.49	28.96	27.37	29.83	28.57	25.03	28.23	36.01	36.32	38.34
317.5	5.95	4.55	5.14	2.58	32.54	31.07	32.83	30.05	28.96	31.89	37.35	39.45	41.65
320.0	5.74	4.41	4.56	2.29	31.89	30.09	31.69	28.13	28.88	31.61	36.93	39.54	40.64
330.0	6.03	4.95	4.78	2.99	41.39	39.52	36.64	32.96	33.04	36.02	34.97	38.69	41.66
331.2	6.21	5.20	4.56	2.59	40.99	39.19	36.41	32.77	32.59	35.47	38.53	41.37	42.26
339.9	6.96	5.69	4.81	3.31	46.18	44.11	39.44	36.59	35.44	37.87	41.81	41.02	42.22
343.3	6.21	4.99	4.61	3.06	46.65	45.69	40.11	38.15	36.99	38.29	42.89	42.39	42.25
350.0	6.49	5.47	4.71	3.18	50.31	49.76	43.27	41.41	40.37	41.36	39.99	42.33	42.73
360.0	6.71	5.79	4.96	3.39	53.07	52.04	45.59	45.96	42.98	42.59	37.02	40.79	41.63
370.0	6.83	5.85	5.26	3.86	54.69	53.39	47.09	46.44	43.54	44.03	39.46	43.37	41.13
380.0	6.75	6.04	4.91	3.71	53.89	54.08	48.77	47.99	46.14	46.52	42.52	43.17	40.88
390.0	7.54	6.77	4.94	3.72	54.36	54.35	50.66	53.73	49.73	48.87	41.40	43.69	40.73
400.0	8.26	7.48	5.12	4.18	60.08	58.66	53.06	56.61	53.61	52.91	39.38	39.94	38.98

Surface	R₀	δ	β
Pine Forest	2.828 (−2)	5.308 (−2)	9.181 (−1)
Open Ocean A	1.086 (−1)	7.922 (−2)	6.636 (−1)
Open Ocean B	8.181 (−2)	5.511 (−2)	6.013 (−1)
Green Farmland	1.185	−3.948 (−1)	2.588 (+1)
Brown Farmland	1.082	−2.449 (−1)	2.495 (+1)
Desert Sand	1.178 (−1)	8.812 (−2)	2.046
Black Lava	4.273 (−2)	3.422 (−2)	1.302
Gypsum Sand A	5.772 (−1)	2.156 (−2)	1.956
Gypsum Sand B	5.371 (−1)	3.028 (−2)	1.764
Snow Cover	4.252 (−1)	1.409 (−2)	4.720 (−1)

	A		B		C			D			E
	Desert Sand		Black Lava		Gypsum Sand A			Gypsum Sand B			Snow Cover

	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE	R₁₀₀₀	R_GND	R_AVE
297.6	–	–	–	–	19.61	16.79	19.31	18.32	16.65	19.87	31.95	29.56	29.09
300.0	–	–	–	–	19.09	19.38	20.48	18.89	17.94	20.54	27.22	28.43	28.40
302.0	5.92	4.12	6.14	1.85	22.86	22.28	25.54	22.76	21.57	24.08	26.49	29.56	33.15
305.9	5.47	3.96	4.67	2.22	25.35	24.10	26.25	24.61	22.30	24.65	30.26	29.05	33.72
310.0	5.63	3.89	4.88	1.89	28.70	27.19	29.42	27.55	25.11	27.78	36.81	34.63	37.45
312.5	5.55	3.98	4.66	2.49	28.96	27.37	29.83	28.57	25.03	28.23	36.01	36.32	38.34
317.5	5.95	4.55	5.14	2.58	32.54	31.07	32.83	30.05	28.96	31.89	37.35	39.45	41.65
320.0	5.74	4.41	4.56	2.29	31.89	30.09	31.69	28.13	28.88	31.61	36.93	39.54	40.64
330.0	6.03	4.95	4.78	2.99	41.39	39.52	36.64	32.96	33.04	36.02	34.97	38.69	41.66
331.2	6.21	5.20	4.56	2.59	40.99	39.19	36.41	32.77	32.59	35.47	38.53	41.37	42.26
339.9	6.96	5.69	4.81	3.31	46.18	44.11	39.44	36.59	35.44	37.87	41.81	41.02	42.22
343.3	6.21	4.99	4.61	3.06	46.65	45.69	40.11	38.15	36.99	38.29	42.89	42.39	42.25
350.0	6.49	5.47	4.71	3.18	50.31	49.76	43.27	41.41	40.37	41.36	39.99	42.33	42.73
360.0	6.71	5.79	4.96	3.39	53.07	52.04	45.59	45.96	42.98	42.59	37.02	40.79	41.63
370.0	6.83	5.85	5.26	3.86	54.69	53.39	47.09	46.44	43.54	44.03	39.46	43.37	41.13
380.0	6.75	6.04	4.91	3.71	53.89	54.08	48.77	47.99	46.14	46.52	42.52	43.17	40.88
390.0	7.54	6.77	4.94	3.72	54.36	54.35	50.66	53.73	49.73	48.87	41.40	43.69	40.73
400.0	8.26	7.48	5.12	4.18	60.08	58.66	53.06	56.61	53.61	52.91	39.38	39.94	38.98

Surface	R₀	δ	β
Pine Forest	2.828 (−2)	5.308 (−2)	9.181 (−1)
Open Ocean A	1.086 (−1)	7.922 (−2)	6.636 (−1)
Open Ocean B	8.181 (−2)	5.511 (−2)	6.013 (−1)
Green Farmland	1.185	−3.948 (−1)	2.588 (+1)
Brown Farmland	1.082	−2.449 (−1)	2.495 (+1)
Desert Sand	1.178 (−1)	8.812 (−2)	2.046
Black Lava	4.273 (−2)	3.422 (−2)	1.302
Gypsum Sand A	5.772 (−1)	2.156 (−2)	1.956
Gypsum Sand B	5.371 (−1)	3.028 (−2)	1.764
Snow Cover	4.252 (−1)	1.409 (−2)	4.720 (−1)

Surface reflectance measurements in the ultraviolet from an airborne platform. Part 2

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Applied Optics