Surveys of eleven species of wild and zoo birds and feeding experiments in white-tailed eagles reveal differences in the composition of the avian gut microbiome based on dietary habits between and within species

Toxicology

Kohei OGASAWARA, Naoki YAMADA, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia">Shouta MM NAKAYAMA, Yukiko WATANABE, Keisuke SAITO, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany">Akane CHIBA, Yoshitaka UCHIDA, Kaoru UEDA, Yasunori TAKENAKA, Kentaro KAZAMA, Mami KAZAMA, International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan">Junya YAMAGISHI, Hazuki MIZUKAWA, Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and development, NorthWest University, Potchefstroom , South Africa
Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan">Yoshinori IKENAKA, Mayumi ISHIZUKA

Author information

Kohei OGASAWARA
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Naoki YAMADA
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Shouta MM NAKAYAMA
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Yukiko WATANABE
Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Kushiro Shitsugen Wildlife Center, Hokkaido, Japan
Keisuke SAITO
Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Kushiro Shitsugen Wildlife Center, Hokkaido, Japan
Akane CHIBA
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Yoshitaka UCHIDA
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Kaoru UEDA
Sapporo Maruyama Zoo, Hokkaido, Japan
Yasunori TAKENAKA
Haboro Nature Conservation Office, Ministry of the Environment, Hokkaido, Japan
Kentaro KAZAMA
Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
Mami KAZAMA
Rishiri Natural History Institute, Hokkaido, Japan
Junya YAMAGISHI
Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Hazuki MIZUKAWA
Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
Yoshinori IKENAKA
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and development, NorthWest University, Potchefstroom , South Africa
Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Mayumi ISHIZUKA
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan

Keywords: avian, dietary habitat, microbiome, next-generation sequencing, white-tailed eagle

JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
Supplementary material

2023 Volume 85 Issue 12 Pages 1355-1365

DOI https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.23-0138

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Abstract

The composition of the gut microbiome varies due to dietary habits. We investigated influences of diet on the composition of the gut microbiome using the feces of 11 avian species, which consumed grain-, fish- and meat-based diets. We analyzed gut microbiome diversity and composition by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal RNA. The grain-diet group had higher gut microbiome diversity than the meat- and fish-diet group. The ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla was higher in the grain-diet group than in the meat- and fish-diet groups. The grain-diet group had a higher ratio of Veillonellaceae than the meat-diet group and a higher ratio of Eubacteriaceae than the fish-diet habit group. To clarify the influence of diet within the same species, white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla, n=6) were divided into two groups, and given only deer meat or fish for approximately one month. The composition of the gut microbiome of individuals in both groups were analyzed by NGS. There were indications of fluctuation in the levels of some bacteria (Lactobacillus, Coriobacteriales, etc.) in each diet group. Moreover, one individual for each group which switched each diet in last week changed to each feature of composition of bacterial flora. The above results show that the composition of the gut microbiome differ depending on diet, even within the same species.

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