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On the minimal synchronism needed for distributed consensus

Authors:

Danny Dolev,

Cynthia Dwork,

Larry StockmeyerAuthors Info & Claims

Journal of the ACM (JACM), Volume 34, Issue 1

Pages 77 - 97

https://doi.org/10.1145/7531.7533

Published: 01 January 1987 Publication History

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Abstract

Reaching agreement is a primitive of distributed computing. Whereas this poses no problem in an ideal, failure-free environment, it imposes certain constraints on the capabilities of an actual system: A system is viable only if it permits the existence of consensus protocols tolerant to some number of failures. Fischer et al. have shown that in a completely asynchronous model, even one failure cannot be tolerated. In this paper their work is extended: Several critical system parameters, including various synchrony conditions, are identified and how varying these affects the number of faults that can be tolerated is examined. The proofs expose general heuristic principles that explain why consensus is possible in certain models but not possible in others.

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Reviews

Reviewer: Greg Speegle

Reaching agreement in the presence of failures by a distributed system is an interesting problem. This paper defines the conditions that are sufficient for agreement to occur and some conditions that make agreement impossible. The paper identifies five important components of a distributed system and constructs a favorable and an unfavorable condition for each component. Proofs are presented that show the resiliency possible under the 32 possible combinations of conditions of the components. The paper is very formal and contains many proofs. These proofs are presented in an organized style, but the notation required to present them is difficult to read. The primary value of this work is the clear definitions of what is and is not possible in reaching agreement. Of course, as in any case analysis, some systems may not fit the model used perfectly; but with the techniques presented and the broad range of situations covered, one could derive similar results for other works with relatively easy proofs.

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Information

Published In

Journal of the ACM Volume 34, Issue 1

Jan. 1987

219 pages

ISSN:0004-5411

EISSN:1557-735X

DOI:10.1145/7531

Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 January 1987

Published in JACM Volume 34, Issue 1

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2024.114952
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