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Exploring the use of fitness landscape analysis for understanding malware evolution

Published: 01 August 2024 Publication History

Abstract

We conduct a preliminary study exploring the potential of using fitness landscape analysis for understanding the evolution of malware. This type of optimisation is fairly new and has not previously been studied through the lens of landscape analysis. We consider Android-based malware evolution and an existing evolutionary algorithm from the literature is used. We construct and visualise search trajectory networks (STNs), which are a new tool aimed at investigation of algorithm behaviour. The STNs indicate that the considered malware spaces may be difficult to navigate under current search operators and that new ones may warrant consideration.

References

[1]
Kehinde O. Babaagba, Zhiyuan Tan, and Emma Hart. 2019. Nowhere Metamorphic Malware Can Hide - A Biological Evolution Inspired Detection Scheme. In Dependability in Sensor, Cloud, and Big Data Systems and Applications, Guojun Wang, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, and Yizhi Ren (Eds.). Springer Singapore, Singapore, 369--382.
[2]
Kehinde O. Babaagba and Jordan Wylie. 2023. An Evolutionary based Generative Adversarial Network Inspired Approach to Defeating Metamorphic Malware. In Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (Lisbon, Portugal) (GECCO '23 Companion). Association for Computing Machinery New York, NY, USA, 1753--1759.
[3]
Daniel Lowd and Christopher Meek. 2005. Adversarial learning. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining,
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Mario A. Muñoz, Michael Kirley, and Saman K. Halgamuge. 2015. Exploratory Landscape Analysis of Continuous Space Optimization Problems Using Information Content. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 19, 1 (2015), 74--87.
[5]
Camilo Chacón Sartori, Christian Blum, and Gabriela Ochoa. 2023. STNWeb: A new visualization tool for analyzing optimization algorithms. Software impacts 17 (2023), 100558.
[6]
Saurav Shyju and Ritwik Murali. 2023. ATLAS-A Co-evolutionary Framework for Automatic Tuning of Adversarial Neural Networks. In Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. 2398--2401.
[7]
Wing Wong and Mark Stamp. 2006. Hunting for metamorphic engines, Journal in Computer Virology (2006).

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cover image ACM Conferences
GECCO '24 Companion: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion
July 2024
2187 pages
ISBN:9798400704956
DOI:10.1145/3638530
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s).

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Published: 01 August 2024

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