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Cross-Chain Smart Contract Invocations: A Systematic Multi-Vocal Literature Review

Authors:

Ghareeb Falazi,

Uwe Breitenbücher,

Stefan SchulteAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Computing Surveys, Volume 56, Issue 6

Article No.: 142, Pages 1 - 38

https://doi.org/10.1145/3638045

Published: 22 January 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The introduction of smart contracts has expanded the applicability of blockchains to many domains beyond finance and cryptocurrencies. Moreover, different blockchain technologies have evolved that target special requirements. As a result, in practice, often a combination of different blockchain systems is required to achieve an overall goal. However, due to the heterogeneity of blockchain protocols, the execution of distributed business transactions that span several blockchains leads to multiple interoperability and integration challenges. Therefore, in this article, we examine the domain of Cross-Chain Smart Contract Invocations (CCSCIs), which are distributed transactions that involve the invocation of smart contracts hosted on two or more blockchain systems. We conduct a systematic multi-vocal literature review to get an overview of the available CCSCI approaches. We select 20 formal literature studies and 13 high-quality gray literature studies, extract data from them, and analyze it to derive the CCSCI Classification Framework. With the help of the framework, we group the approaches into two categories and eight subcategories. The approaches differ in multiple characteristics, e.g., the mechanisms they follow, and the capabilities and transaction processing semantics they offer. Our analysis indicates that all approaches suffer from obstacles that complicate real-world adoption, such as the low support for handling heterogeneity and the need for trusted third parties.

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Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 56, Issue 6

June 2024

963 pages

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/3613600

Editor:
Albert Zomaya
University of Sydney, Australia

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 January 2024

Online AM: 20 December 2023

Accepted: 15 December 2023

Revised: 06 October 2023

Received: 14 December 2022

Published in CSUR Volume 56, Issue 6

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Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs
National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development
Christian Doppler Research Association for the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Blockchain Technologies for the Internet of Things

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Tian SJiang W(2024)Blockchain Traceability Process for Hairy Crab Based on Cuckoo FilterApplied Sciences10.3390/app1417802714:17(8027)Online publication date: 8-Sep-2024
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Jagadeesan LLiu SVelazquez L(2024)Designing Trustworthy Decentralized Cross-Chain Marketplaces: A 6G Network of Networks Perspective2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)10.1109/CSR61664.2024.10679347(562-569)Online publication date: 2-Sep-2024
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Sion SZhang KApril ALutete TBouchard C(2024)A Comprehensive Review of Multi-chain Architecture for Blockchain Integration in OrganizationsBusiness Process Management: Blockchain, Robotic Process Automation, Central and Eastern European, Educators and Industry Forum10.1007/978-3-031-70445-1_1(5-24)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70445-1_1

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