[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/36206.36189acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesasplosConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article
Free access

Integer multiplication and division on the HP precision architecture

Published: 01 October 1987 Publication History

Abstract

In recent years, many architectural design efforts have focused on maximizing performance for frequently executed, simple instructions. Although these efforts have resulted in machines with better average price/performance ratios, certain complex instructions and, thus, certain classes of programs which heavily depend on these instructions may suffer by comparison. Integer multiplication and division are one such set of complex instructions. This paper describes how a small set of primitive instructions combined with careful frequency analysis and clever programming allows the Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture integer multiplication and division implementation to provide adequate performance at little or no hardware cost.

References

[1]
{Bir85} Birnbaum, J. S., and Worley Jr., W. S., "Beyond RISC: High-Precision Architecture," Hewlett-Packard Journal, Vol. 36, No. 8, August 1985.
[2]
{Boo51} Booth, Andrew D., "A Signed Binary Multiplication Technique", Quart. Journ. Mech. and Applied Math., Vol. IV Pt. 2 (1951), pp. 236--240.
[3]
{Cla82}Clark, D. W., "Measurement and Analysis of Instruction Use in the VAX 11/780," Proc. of the 9th Symposium on Computer Architecture, April 1982, pp. 9--17.
[4]
{Cou86}Coutant, D. S., Hammond, C. L., and Kelley, J. W., "Compilers for the New Generation of Hewlett-Packard Computers," Hewlett-Packard Journal, Vol. 37, No. 1, January 1986.
[5]
{Ele86} "A Simple Design May Pay Off Big for Hewlett-Packard", Electronics, March 3, 1986, pp. 39--47
[6]
{Gib70} Gibson, J. C. "The Gibson Mix," Report TR 00.2043, IBM Systems Development Division, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 1970.
[7]
{Hen82} Hennessy, J., et al,. "Hardware/Software Tradeoffs for Increased Performance," Proc. Symp. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (Palo Alto, Ca., March 1--3). ACM, New York, 1982, pp. 2--11.
[8]
{HP86} precision Architecture and Instruction Reference Manual, Hewlett-Packard Co., HP Part Number 09740--90014, November 1986.
[9]
{Huc83} Huck, J. C., Comparative Analysis of Computer Architectures. Ph.D. Th., Stanford University, May 1983.
[10]
{Jou81} Jouppi, N., "MIPS II - Multiplication and Division Features," EE392C Final Reports, Stanford University, June 1981.
[11]
{Knu81} Knuth, D., The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2, Seminumerical Algorithms, Addison-Wesley, 1981, pp. 444--446.
[12]
{Luk86} Lukes, J. A., "HP Precision Architecture Performance Analysis," Hewlett-Packard Journal, Vol. 37, No. 8, August 1986.
[13]
{Mah86} Mahon, Michael J., et al., "Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture: The Processor," Hewlett-Packard Journal, Vol. 37, no. 8, August 1986.
[14]
{Neu79} Neuhauser, Charles J., "Instruction Stream Monitoring of the PDP-11," Stanford University, Dept. of Electrical Engr., Computer Systems Laboratory, Tech. Note No. 156, May 1979
[15]
{Pat82} Patterson, D. A., and Sequin, C. H., "A VLSI RISC," Computer, Vol. 15, No. 9, Sept. 1982, pp. 8--21
[16]
{Pat84} Patterson, D. A.,"RISC Watch" Computer Architecture News, Vol. 12, No. 1, Mar. 1984, pp. 11--19
[17]
{Pat85} Patterson, D. A.,"Reduced Instruction Set Computers" Communications of the ACM, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. 1985, pp. 8--21
[18]
{Rad82} Radin, G., "The 801 Minicomputer," Proc. Symp. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (Palo Alto, Ca., March 1--3). ACM, New York, 1982, pp. 39--47.
[19]
{Shu78} Shustek, L. J., Analysis and Performance of Computer Instruction Sets. Ph.D. Th., Stanford University, May 1977.
[20]
{Swe82} Sweet, R. E. and Sandman, J. G., "Empirical Analysis of the Mesa Instruction Set," Proc. Symp. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (Palo Alto, Ca., March 1--3). ACM, New York, 1982, pp. 158--166.
[21]
{Was82} Waser, S. and Flynn, M. J., Introduction to Arithmetic for Digital Systems Designers, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1982

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ASPLOS II: Proceedings of the second international conference on Architectual support for programming languages and operating systems
October 1987
205 pages
ISBN:0818608056
DOI:10.1145/36206
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 October 1987

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

ASPLOS II
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 535 of 2,713 submissions, 20%

Upcoming Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)174
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)18
Reflects downloads up to 28 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2015)SuperMalloc: a super fast multithreaded malloc for 64-bit machinesACM SIGPLAN Notices10.1145/2887746.275417850:11(41-55)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2015
  • (2015)SuperMalloc: a super fast multithreaded malloc for 64-bit machinesProceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Memory Management10.1145/2754169.2754178(41-55)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2015
  • (2000)The Density Advantage of Configurable ComputingComputer10.1109/2.83932033:4(41-49)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2000
  • (1999)Reconfigurable computingProceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference10.1145/309847.310009(610-615)Online publication date: 1-Jun-1999
  • (1997)An efficient hierarchical clustering method for the multiple constant multiplication problemProceedings of ASP-DAC '97: Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference10.1109/ASPDAC.1997.600064(83-88)Online publication date: 1997
  • (1995)Strength reduction of multiplications by integer constantsACM SIGPLAN Notices10.1145/199873.19988030:2(42-48)Online publication date: 1-Feb-1995
  • (1994)Division by invariant integers using multiplicationACM SIGPLAN Notices10.1145/773473.17824929:6(61-72)Online publication date: 1-Jun-1994
  • (1994)Division by invariant integers using multiplicationProceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1994 conference on Programming language design and implementation10.1145/178243.178249(61-72)Online publication date: 1-Aug-1994
  • (2021)Integer division by constants: optimal boundsHeliyon10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e074427:6(e07442)Online publication date: Jun-2021
  • (1990)Radix-16 Signed-Digit DivisionIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/12.6106339:12(1424-1433)Online publication date: 1-Dec-1990
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media