[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3686038.3686070acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagestasConference Proceedingsconference-collections
extended-abstract
Open access

Responsible AI in policing

Published: 16 September 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The deployment of AI-driven technologies in policing is often welcomed as an opportunity to enhance efficiency in dealing with crime. At the same time, however, these technologies pose risks around data bias, data protection, accuracy and privacy. In addition, socio-organisational factors present challenges to their deployment. In this short paper we provide an overview of the opportunities and risks associated with AI in policing, focusing on current developments in the UK. We discuss what is necessary for a responsible approach to deployment and highlight some of our own project work in this context. The Trustworthy and Useful Tools for Mobile Phone Extraction project shows that tools for the analysis of mobile phone data can include AI-driven features that are both useful and trustworthy. However, tools alone cannot address all the tensions and constraints that police work under. Therefore, an essential component of responsibility is to avoid overstating what AI can achieve.

References

[1]
Ada Lovelace Institute. 2019. Beyond face value: public attitudes to facial recognition technology.
[2]
Muhammad Babelle Ahmad, Umar Farouk Musa, Muntaka Dahiru, and Mustapha Babatunde Abimbola. 2024. Advantages of Automated License Plate Recognition Technology. Eng. Technol, 4(1), pp.10-15
[3]
Julie Ayling 2012. A good buy: promoting probity in police procurement. In Handbook of Policing, Ethics and Professional Standards (pp. 90-101). Routledge.
[4]
Alexander Babuta. 2017. Big data and policing: an assessment of law enforcement requirements, expectations and priorities. Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.
[5]
bbc.co.uk. 2023. Facial recognition tech: Liberty ‘police racism’ claim. Retrieved 12 May, 2024 from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-65214494
[6]
Big Brother Watch. 2018. A closer look at Experian big data and artificial intelligence in Durham police. April 2018 Retrieved 10 April, 2024 from https://bigbrotherwatch.org.uk/blog/a-closer-look-at-experian-big-data-and-artificial-intelligence-in-durham-police/
[7]
Big Brother Watch. 2019. Digital Strip Searches: the police's data investigations of victims. July 2019. Retrieved 10 April, 2024 from https://bigbrotherwatch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Digital-Strip-Searches-Final.pdf
[8]
Centre for Public Impact. 2018. Durham Constabulary's AI decision aid for custody officers. Retrieved May 2, 2024 from https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/assets/documents/ai-case-study-criminal-justice.pdf
[9]
Centre for Women's Justice. 2020. Stop the ‘digital strip search’ of rape victims like me. March 2020. Retrieved Jan 10, 2024 from https://www.centreforwomensjustice.org.uk/new-blog-1/2020/3/13/stop-digital-strip-search
[10]
CPS. 2018. Joint review of the disclosure process in the case of R v Allan. Jan 2018. Retrieved Dec 18, 2023 from https://www.cps.gov.uk/publication/joint-review-disclosure-process-case-r-v-allan
[11]
Vikram Dodd. 2024. Only 40% of people in England trust their police force, research reveals. theguardian.com. April 18, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024 from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/apr/18/only-40-of-people-in-england-trust-their-police-force-research-reveals
[12]
Elisa Facchetti, E., 2021. Police infrastructure, police performance, and crime: Evidence from austerity cuts. Job Market Paper, Queen Mary University of London, 4
[13]
European Data Protection Board. 2023. Guidelines 05/2022 on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement. Version 2.0 Adopted 26 April 2023.
[14]
Matthew Fright, Nick Davies and Gil Richards. 2023. Retention in public services. Institute for Government. October 2023.
[15]
Home Office. 2023. Extraction of information from electronic devices: code of practice. Retrieved Jan 14, 2024 from https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/extraction-of-information-from-electronic-devices-code-of-practice/extraction-of-information-from-electronic-devices-code-of-practice-accessible
[16]
Home Office. 2023. Speech. Policing Minister: Police Superintendent's Association Conference. September 2023. Retrieved 18 March, 2024 from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/policing-minister-police-superintendents-association-conference
[17]
Information Commissioner's Office. 2020. Mobile Phone data extraction by police forces in England and Wales. June 2020. Retrieved Jan 11, 2023 from https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/documents/2617838/ico-report-on-mpe-in-england-and-wales-v1_1.pdf
[18]
Information Commissioner's Office. 2023. ICO statement in response to parliamentarian's letter on facial recognition technology. Dec 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2024 from https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/12/ico-statement-in-response-to-parliamentarians-letter-on-facial-recognition-technology/
[19]
judiciary.uk. 2020. Press Summary. The Queen V The Chief Constable of South Wales Police and others [2020]EWCA Civ 1058. Retrieved March 18, 2024 from https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/R-Bridges-v-CC-South-Wales-ors-Press-Summary.pdf
[20]
Lauren Leffer. 2024. Too much trust in AI poses unexpected threats to the scientific process. Scientific American. March 18, 2024. Retrieved 10 April, 2024 from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trust-ai-science-risks/
[21]
Tony Mansfield. 2023. Facial Recognition technology in law enforcement equitability study final report. National Physical Laboratory.
[22]
M.R. McGuire. 2021. The laughing policebot: automation and the end of policing. Policing and society, 31(1), pp.20-36.
[23]
NPCC. Office of the Chief Scientific Adviser. Retrieved May 20, 2024 from https://www.npcc.police.uk/our-work/office-of-the-chief-scientific-adviser
[24]
NPCC. NPCC Welcomes first lead for artificial intelligence. Retrieved May 20, 2024 from https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/npcc-welcomes-first-ever-lead-for-artificial-intelligence-ai
[25]
Marion Oswald and Alexander Babuta. 2019. Data analytics and algorithmic bias in policing. Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.
[26]
Marion Oswald, Jamie Grace, Sheena Urwin and Geoffrey C. Barnes. 2018. Algorithmic risk assessment policing models: lessons from the Durham HART model and ‘Experimental’ proportionality. Information & communications technology law, 27(2), pp.223-250
[27]
Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten and Jack Stilgoe. 2020. Responsible research and innovation: From science in society to science for society, with society.  In Emerging Technologies (pp. 117-126). Routledge.
[28]
Anna-Maria Piskopani, Helena Webb, Christopher Hargraves, Liz Dowthwaite, Nicholas FitzRoy-Dale, Quentin Stafford-Fraser, Christos Nikolaou and Derek McAuley. 2024. Trustworthy and Useful Tools for Mobile Phone Extraction, Proceedings of the ETHICOMP 2024 21st International Conference on the Ethics and Social Impacts of ICT March 2024, pp. 256-258.
[29]
Policinginsight.com. 2018. Police investigations being hindered by ‘outdated’ IT systems, officers and staff warn. Retrieved 11 May, 2024 from https://policinginsight.com/news/copacc-launches-latest-police-ict-user-report-frontline-insight-from-48-uk-forces/
[30]
Eric Priezkalns. 2022. UK police failing to gather evidence from huge backlog of mobile phones. commsrisk.com. 8 Dec, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2024 from https://commsrisk.com/uk-police-failing-to-gather-evidence-from-huge-backlog-of-mobile-phones/
[31]
Privacyinternational.org. 2021. Policing Bill: An unsatisfactory debut on the statute books for mobile phone extraction. June 2021. Retrieved Jan 10, 2024 from https://privacyinternational.org/news-analysis/4586/policing-bill-unsatisfactory-debut-statute-books-mobile-phone-extraction
[32]
Shannon Vallor. 2023. Edinburgh Declaration on responsibility for responsible AI. medium.com. Retrieved February 11. 2023 from https://medium.com/@svallor_10030/edinburgh-declaration-on-responsibility-for-responsible-ai-1a98ed2e328b

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
TAS '24: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems
September 2024
335 pages
ISBN:9798400709890
DOI:10.1145/3686038
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 September 2024

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Bias
  2. Policing
  3. Responsibility
  4. Trust

Qualifiers

  • Extended-abstract
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

  • UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Hub

Conference

TAS '24

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • 0
    Total Citations
  • 166
    Total Downloads
  • Downloads (Last 12 months)166
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)78
Reflects downloads up to 13 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media