Cited By
View all- Steinberg SRamamoorthi RBitterli Bd'Eon EYan LPharr M(2024)A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light TransportACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368790243:6(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2024
A Free-Space Diffraction BSDF
Authors: 
Shlomi Steinberg, Ravi Ramamoorthi, Benedikt Bitterli, Arshiya Mollazainali, 
Eugene D'Eon, Matt PharrAuthors Info & Claims
Article No.: 113, Pages 1 - 15
Abstract
Free-space diffractions are an optical phenomenon where light appears to "bend" around the geometric edges and corners of scene objects. In this paper we present an efficient method to simulate such effects. We derive an edge-based formulation of Fraunhofer diffraction, which is well suited to the common (triangular) geometric meshes used in computer graphics. Our method dynamically constructs a free-space diffraction BSDF by considering the geometry around the intersection point of a ray of light with an object, and we present an importance sampling strategy for these BSDFs. Our method is unique in requiring only ray tracing to produce free-space diffractions, works with general meshes, requires no geometry preprocessing, and is designed to work with path tracers with a linear rendering equation. We show that we are able to reproduce accurate diffraction lobes, and, in contrast to any existing method, are able to handle complex, real-world geometry. This work serves to connect free-space diffractions to the efficient path tracing tools from computer graphics.
Supplementary Material
supplemental
- Download
- 8.51 MB
References
[1]
Birk Andreas, Giovanni Mana, and Carlo Palmisano. 2015. Vectorial ray-based diffraction integral. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 32, 8 (July 2015), 1403.
[2]
Laurent Belcour and Pascal Barla. 2017. A Practical Extension to Microfacet Theory for the Modeling of Varying Iridescence. ACM Trans. Graph. 36, 4, Article 65 (July 2017), 14 pages.
[3]
D Bilibashi, EM Vitucci, and V Degli-Esposti. 2020. Dynamic ray tracing: Introduction and concept. In 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 1--5.
[4]
Mate Boban, Joao Barros, and Ozan K Tonguz. 2014. Geometry-based vehicle-to-vehicle channel modeling for large-scale simulation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63, 9 (2014), 4146--4164.
[5]
Max Born and Emil Wolf. 1999. Principles of optics : electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge New York.
[6]
Mikel Celaya-Echarri, Leyre Azpilicueta, Peio Lopez-Iturri, Francisco Falcone, Manuel Garcia Sanchez, and Ana Vazquez Alejos. 2020. Validation of 3D simulation tool for radio channel modeling at 60 GHz: A meeting point for empirical and simulation-based models. Measurement (Lond.) 163, 108038 (Oct. 2020), 108038.
[7]
Hyuckjin Choi, Jaeky Oh, Jaehoon Chung, George C Alexandropoulos, and Junil Choi. 2023. WiThRay: A Versatile Ray-Tracing Simulator for Smart Wireless Environments. IEEE Access (2023).
[8]
FS de Adana, O Gutierrez, I Gonzalez, and MF Catedra. 2005. FASPRO: Fast computer tool for the analysis of propagation in mobile communications. In INDIN'05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005. IEEE, 257--261.
[9]
Pengcheng Gao, Xiaobing Wang, Zichang Liang, and Wei Gao. 2015. Efficient GPU implementation of SBR for fast computation of composite scattering from electrically large target over a randomly rough surface. In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation ; USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE.
[10]
Junfeng Guan, Sohrab Madani, Suraj Jog, Saurabh Gupta, and Haitham Hassanieh. 2020. Through fog high-resolution imaging using millimeter wave radar. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 11464--11473.
[11]
J G Huang, J M Christian, and G S McDonald. 2006. Fresnel diffraction and fractal patterns from polygonal apertures. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 23, 11 (Nov. 2006), 2768--2774.
[12]
Weizhen Huang, Julian Iseringhausen, Tom Kneiphof, Ziyin Qu, Chenfanfu Jiang, and Matthias B. Hullin. 2020. Chemomechanical simulation of soap film flow on spherical bubbles. ACM Transactions on Graphics 39, 4 (Aug. 2020).
[13]
Wenzel Jakob. 2010. Mitsuba renderer. http://www.mitsuba-renderer.org.
[14]
K.-S. Jin, T.-I. Suh, S.-H. Suk, B.-C. Kim, and H.-T. Kim. 2006. Fast Ray Tracing Using A Space-Division Algorithm for RCS Prediction. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 20, 1 (Jan. 2006), 119--126.
[15]
Jiří Komrska. 1982. Simple derivation of formulas for Fraunhofer diffraction at polygonal apertures. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 10 (Oct. 1982), 1382.
[16]
Samir Mezouari and Andy Robert Harvey. 2003. Validity of Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations in scalar diffraction. J. Opt. Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 4 (July 2003), S86--S91.
[17]
Marco Mout, Andreas Flesch, Michael Wick, Florian Bociort, Joerg Petschulat, and Paul Urbach. 2018. Ray-based method for simulating cascaded diffraction in high-numerical-aperture systems. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 35, 8 (Aug. 2018), 1356.
[18]
Robert Paknys. 2016. Uniform theory of diffraction. In Applied Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, Chapter 8, 268--316.
[19]
Louis Pisha, Siddharth Atre, John Burnett, and Shahrokh Yadegari. 2020. Approximate diffraction modeling for real-time sound propagation simulation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148, 4 (Oct. 2020), 1922.
[20]
Iman Sadeghi, Adolfo Munoz, Philip Laven, Wojciech Jarosz, Francisco Seron, Diego Gutierrez, and Henrik Wann Jensen. 2012. Physically-based Simulation of Rainbows. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Presented at SIGGRAPH) 31, 1 (Feb. 2012), 3:1--3:12.
[21]
Carl Schissler, Gregor Mückl, and Paul Calamia. 2021. Fast diffraction pathfinding for dynamic sound propagation. ACM Trans. Graph. 40, 4 (Aug. 2021), 1--13.
[22]
Hae-Won Son and Noh-Hoon Myung. 1999. A deterministic ray tube method for microcellular wave propagation prediction model. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 47, 8 (1999), 1344--1350.
[23]
Shlomi Steinberg. 2019. Analytic Spectral Integration of Birefringence-Induced Iridescence. Computer Graphics Forum 38, 4 (Jul 2019), 97--110.
[24]
Shlomi Steinberg, Ravi Ramamoorthi, Benedikt Bitterli, Eugene d'Eon, Ling-Qi Yan, and Matt Pharr. 2023. A generalized ray formulation for wave-optics rendering. (2023).
[25]
Shlomi Steinberg, Pradeep Sen, and Ling-Qi Yan. 2022. Towards Practical Physical-Optics Rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, 4 (Jul 2022), 1--13.
[26]
Shlomi Steinberg and Ling-Qi Yan. 2021. A generic framework for physical light transport. ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, 4 (Aug 2021), 1--20.
[27]
Sungha Suk, Tae-Il Seo, Hae-Sung Park, and Hyo-Tae Kim. 2001. Multiresolution grid algorithm in the SBR and its application to the RCS calculation. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 29, 6 (2001), 394--397.
[28]
Yubo Tao, Hai Lin, and Hujun Bao. 2010. GPU-Based Shooting and Bouncing Ray Method for Fast RCS Prediction. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 2 (Feb. 2010), 494--502.
[29]
Yu-Bo Tao, Hai Lin, and Hu Jun Bao. 2008. Kd-tree based fast ray tracing for rcs prediction. Electromagn. Waves (Camb.) 81 (2008), 329--341.
[30]
Nicolas Tsingos, Thomas Funkhouser, Addy Ngan, and Ingrid Carlbom. 2001. Modeling acoustics in virtual environments using the uniform theory of diffraction. In Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (SIGGRAPH01). ACM.
[31]
Fukun Wu and Changwen Zheng. 2016. Interference Shader for Multilayer Films. Springer International Publishing, 62--74.
[32]
Mengqi (Mandy) Xia, Bruce Walter, Eric Michielssen, David Bindel, and Steve Marschner. 2020. A wave optics based fiber scattering model. ACM Transactions on Graphics 39, 6 (Nov. 2020), 1--16.
[33]
Haofan Yi, Danping He, P Takis Mathiopoulos, Bo Ai, Juan Moreno Garcia-Loygorri, Jianwu Dou, and Zhangdui Zhong. 2022. Ray tracing meets terahertz: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE Communications Magazine (2022).
[34]
Andrew Zangwill. 2013. Modern electrodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Recommendations
Towards practical physical-optics rendering
Physical light transport (PLT) algorithms can represent the wave nature of light globally in a scene, and are consistent with Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. As such, they are able to reproduce the wave-interference and diffraction effects of real ...
A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light Transport
Ray optics is the foundation of modern path tracing and sampling algorithms for computer graphics; crucially, it allows high-performance implementations based on ray tracing. However, many applications of interest in computer graphics and computational ...
Reflectance model for diffraction
We present a novel method of simulating wave effects in graphics using ray-based renderers with a new function: the Wave BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function). Reflections from neighboring surface patches represented by local BSDFs are ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Copyright © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 19 July 2024
Published in TOG Volume 43, Issue 4
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- View Citations1Total Citations
- 392Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)392
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)43
Reflects downloads up to 12 Dec 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
Cited By
View all- Steinberg SRamamoorthi RBitterli Bd'Eon EYan LPharr M(2024)A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light TransportACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368790243:6(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2024
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in