ReAR Indicators: Peripheral Cycling Indicators for Rear-Approaching Hazards
Article No.: 13, Pages 1 - 9
Abstract
During cycling activities, cyclists often focus on pedestrians, vehicles or road conditions in front of their bicycle. Because of this forward focus, approaching vehicles from behind can easily be missed, which can result in accidents, injury, or death. Although rear information can viewed with handle-mounted mirrors or monitors, looking down can distract the cyclist from other hazards.
To help address this problem, we present the ReAR Indicator, a peripheral information delivery approach that enhances awareness of rear-approaching vehicles and at the same time preserves forward vision. ReAR uses computer vision applied to a rear-facing RGB-D camera and combines it with position data from a head mounted display for real-time vehicle detection and visualization. Our algorithm delivers information to the periphery such that the user can simultaneously view forward information but still use cues that provide information about hazard distance, width, and probability of collision. Results from a virtual reality based experiment with 20 participants showed that the ReAR Indicator helped cyclists maintain a forward focus while still avoiding collisions with rear-approaching vehicles and in some conditions either matched or outperformed 3D arrows and virtual monitors.
Supplemental Material
MP4 File
Appendix, Video
- Download
- 48.05 MB
PDF File
Appendix, Video
- Download
- 3.98 MB
References
[1]
Siri Hegna Berge, Marjan Hagenzieker, Haneen Farah, and Joost de Winter. 2022. Do cyclists need HMIs in future automated traffic? An interview study. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 84 (2022), 33–52.
[2]
Isha Chaturvedi, Farshid Hassani Bijarbooneh, Tristan Braud, and Pan Hui. 2019. Peripheral vision: a new killer app for smart glasses. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 625–636.
[3]
Shanley Chong, Roslyn Poulos, Jake Olivier, Wendy L Watson, and Raphael Grzebieta. 2010. Relative injury severity among vulnerable non-motorised road users: comparative analysis of injury arising from bicycle–motor vehicle and bicycle–pedestrian collisions. Accident Analysis & Prevention 42, 1 (2010), 290–296.
[4]
Chuanqi305. 2017. Caffe implementation of Google MobileNet SSD detection network.https://github.com/chuanqi305/MobileNet-SSD/.
[5]
Alexandru Dancu, Velko Vechev, Adviye Ayça Ünlüer, Simon Nilson, Oscar Nygren, Simon Eliasson, Jean-Elie Barjonet, Joe Marshall, and Morten Fjeld. 2015. Gesture bike: examining projection surfaces and turn signal systems for urban cycling. In Proceedings of the 2015 international conference on interactive tabletops & surfaces. 151–159.
[6]
Dick De Waard, Ben Lewis-Evans, Bart Jelijs, Oliver Tucha, and Karel Brookhuis. 2014. The effects of operating a touch screen smartphone and other common activities performed while bicycling on cycling behaviour. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 22 (2014), 196–206.
[7]
Kevin Fan, Jochen Huber, Suranga Nanayakkara, and Masahiko Inami. 2014. SpiderVision: extending the human field of view for augmented awareness. In Proceedings of the 5th augmented human international conference. 1–8.
[8]
Joseph L Gabbard, Gregory M Fitch, and Hyungil Kim. 2014. Behind the glass: Driver challenges and opportunities for AR automotive applications. Proc. IEEE 102, 2 (2014), 124–136.
[9]
Egils Ginters. 2019. Augmented reality use for cycling quality improvement. Procedia Computer Science 149 (2019), 167–176.
[10]
Uwe Gruenefeld, Tim Claudius Stratmann, Jinki Jung, Hyeopwoo Lee, Jeehye Choi, Abhilasha Nanda, and Wilko Heuten. 2018. Guiding Smombies: Augmenting Peripheral Vision with Low-Cost Glasses to Shift the Attention of Smartphone Users. In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct). IEEE, 127–131.
[11]
Jialiang He and Huiying Zhao. 2020. A new smart safety navigation system for cycling based on audio technology. Safety science 124 (2020), 104583.
[12]
Tobias Hecht, Stefanie Weng, Luca-Felix Kick, and Klaus Bengler. 2022. How users of automated vehicles benefit from predictive ambient light displays. Applied ergonomics 103 (2022), 103762.
[13]
Nuwan Janaka, Chloe Haigh, Hyeongcheol Kim, Shan Zhang, and Shengdong Zhao. 2022. Paracentral and near-peripheral visualizations: Towards attention-maintaining secondary information presentation on OHMDs during in-person social interactions. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
[14]
Woongsun Jeon and Rajesh Rajamani. 2017. Rear vehicle tracking on a bicycle using active sensor orientation control. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 19, 8 (2017), 2638–2649.
[15]
J Adam Jones, J Edward Swan II, and Mark Bolas. 2013. Peripheral stimulation and its effect on perceived spatial scale in virtual environments. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 19, 4 (2013), 701–710.
[16]
Ryota Kimura, Nobutomo Matsunaga, Hiroshi Okajima, and Gou Koutaki. 2017. Driving assistance system for welfare vehicle using virtual platoon control with augmented reality. In 2017 56th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 980–985.
[17]
Toya Kitagawa and Kazuhiro Kondo. 2018. Evaluation of a wind noise reduction method using DNN for Bicycle Audio Augmented Reality Systems. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW). IEEE, 1–2.
[18]
Toya Kitagawa and Kazuhiro Kondo. 2019. Detailed Evaluation of a Wind Noise Reduction Method using DNN for 3D Audio Navigation System Audio Augmented Reality for Bicycles. In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 863–864.
[19]
Alexander Kunze, Stephen J Summerskill, Russell Marshall, and Ashleigh J Filtness. 2019. Conveying uncertainties using peripheral awareness displays in the context of automated driving. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. 329–341.
[20]
Sabine Langlois and Boussaad Soualmi. 2016. Augmented reality versus classical HUD to take over from automated driving: An aid to smooth reactions and to anticipate maneuvers. In 2016 IEEE 19th international conference on intelligent transportation systems (ITSC). IEEE, 1571–1578.
[21]
Kris Luyten, Donald Degraen, Gustavo Rovelo Ruiz, Sven Coppers, and Davy Vanacken. 2016. Hidden in plain sight: an exploration of a visual language for near-eye out-of-focus displays in the peripheral view. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 487–497.
[22]
Gerald M Murch. 1984. Physiological principles for the effective use of color. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 4, 11 (1984), 48–55.
[23]
Evangelos Niforatos, Anton Fedosov, Ivan Elhart, and Marc Langheinrich. 2017. Augmenting skiers’ peripheral perception. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International symposium on wearable computers. 114–121.
[24]
Jason Orlosky, Kiyoshi Kiyokawa, and Haruo Takemura. 2013. Towards intelligent view management: A study of manual text placement tendencies in mobile environments using video see-through displays. In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE, 281–282.
[25]
Long Qian, Alexander Plopski, Nassir Navab, and Peter Kazanzides. 2018. Restoring the awareness in the occluded visual field for optical see-through head-mounted displays. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 24, 11 (2018), 2936–2946.
[26]
Jun Ren, Yue Chen, Fenfen Li, Cheng Xue, Xiaoya Yin, Juanjuan Peng, Ji Liang, Qiming Feng, and Shumei Wang. 2021. Road injuries associated with cellular phone use while walking or riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle: a case-crossover study. American Journal of Epidemiology 190, 1 (2021), 37–43.
[27]
Eldon Schoop, James Smith, and Bjoern Hartmann. 2018. Hindsight: enhancing spatial awareness by sonifying detected objects in real-time 360-degree video. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–12.
[28]
Kathryn Terzano. 2013. Bicycling safety and distracted behavior in The Hague, the Netherlands. Accident Analysis & Prevention 57 (2013), 87–90.
[29]
Katherine van Lopik, Maren Schnieder, Richard Sharpe, Murray Sinclair, Chris Hinde, Paul Conway, Andrew West, and Martin Maguire. 2020. Comparison of in-sight and handheld navigation devices toward supporting industry 4.0 supply chains: First and last mile deliveries at the human level. Applied ergonomics 82 (2020), 102928.
[30]
Pieter Vansteenkiste, Greet Cardon, Eva D’Hondt, Renaat Philippaerts, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2013. The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width. Accident Analysis & Prevention 51 (2013), 222–227.
[31]
Tamara von Sawitzky, Philipp Wintersberger, Andreas Löcken, Anna-Katharina Frison, and Andreas Riener. 2020. Augmentation concepts with HUDs for cyclists to improve road safety in shared spaces. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–9.
[32]
Nicholas Waldin, Manuela Waldner, and Ivan Viola. 2017. Flicker observer effect: Guiding attention through high frequency flicker in images. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 36. Wiley Online Library, 467–476.
[33]
Guanghan Zhao, Xiaodan Hu, Jason Orlosky, and Kiyoshi Kiyokawa. 2023. ReAR-A Peripheral Indicator for Rear-Approaching Vehicles While Cycling. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct). IEEE, 379–380.
[34]
Guanghan Zhao, Jason Orlosky, Joseph Gabbard, and Kiyoshi Kiyokawa. 2023. HazARdSnap: Gazed-based Augmentation Delivery for Safe Information Access while Cycling. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2023).
Index Terms
- ReAR Indicators: Peripheral Cycling Indicators for Rear-Approaching Hazards
Recommendations
A fuzzy aid rear-end collision warning/avoidance system
Highlights We have implemented a rear-end collision warning/avoidance system in a real car. The system decides how to perform the maneuver without leaving the road. A vehicle-to-infrastructure communication system is used to exchange data. Fuzzy logic ...
Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions
This paper examines the potential effectiveness of the following three precollision system (PCS) algorithms: 1) forward collision warning only; 2) forward collision warning and precrash brake assist; and 3) forward collision warning, precrash brake ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
June 2024
578 pages
Copyright © 2024 ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 03 June 2024
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
- Research
- Refereed limited
Data Availability
Appendix, Video https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3656650.3656659#ReAR video.mp4
Appendix, Video https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3656650.3656659#appendix.pdf
Conference
AVI 2024
AVI 2024: International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces 2024
June 3 - 7, 2024
Arenzano, Genoa, Italy
Acceptance Rates
AVI '24 Paper Acceptance Rate 21 of 82 submissions, 26%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 128 of 490 submissions, 26%
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 56Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)56
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)7
Reflects downloads up to 12 Dec 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign inFull Access
View options
View or Download as a PDF file.
PDFeReader
View online with eReader.
eReaderHTML Format
View this article in HTML Format.
HTML Format