A Review on Architecture and Communication Protocols for Electric Vehicle Charging System

As the amount of gasoline used by cars went up, so did the corresponding rise in environmental concern. The cost of gasoline is going up and the world is running out of natural resources. With the main goal of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Electric Vehicle (EV)-based systems that use electric energy instead of conventional fuel energy have recently attracted a great deal of interest from both the commercial and scientific worlds. As a result, the electric vehicle, and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) industries are expanding. The next generation of primary transportation is predicted to be EV; hence, it is important to build EV infrastructure and efficient energy management tools including EV communication protocols, EV charge stations and smart grids. To charge an electric vehicle using an EVSE there are three basic procedures that are widely acknowledged, i.e., Combined Charging System (CCS), GB/T (Chinese Standard for EV charging) and Charge de Move (CHAdeMO). This paper presents the communication protocol used by the aforementioned standards. This study also emphasizes the key differences and similarities between the said protocols, and it is stated that there is a clear need for a standard framework that integrates various EV charging communication methods.