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Reliability of SSDs in Enterprise Storage Systems: A Large-Scale Field Study

Authors:

Stathis Maneas,

Kaveh Mahdaviani,

Bianca SchroederAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS), Volume 17, Issue 1

Article No.: 3, Pages 1 - 27

https://doi.org/10.1145/3423088

Published: 13 January 2021 Publication History

Abstract

This article presents the first large-scale field study of NAND-based SSDs in enterprise storage systems (in contrast to drives in distributed data center storage systems). The study is based on a very comprehensive set of field data, covering 1.6 million SSDs of a major storage vendor (NetApp). The drives comprise three different manufacturers, 18 different models, 12 different capacities, and all major flash technologies (SLC, cMLC, eMLC, 3D-TLC). The data allows us to study a large number of factors that were not studied in prior works, including the effect of firmware versions, the reliability of TLC NAND, and the correlations between drives within a RAID system. This article presents our analysis, along with a number of practical implications derived from it.

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Cited By

Li PXie PCao Q(2024)SSRAID: A Stripe-Queued and Stripe-Threaded Merging I/O Strategy to Improve Write Performance of Serial Interface SSD RAIDIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2024.344308335:10(1841-1853)Online publication date: 14-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TPDS.2024.3443083
Feng HWei DGu SPiao ZWang YQiao L(2024)Random Flip Bit Aware Reading for Improving High-Density 3-D NAND Flash PerformanceIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers10.1109/TCSI.2024.336690271:5(2372-2383)Online publication date: May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2024.3366902
Fuqing Y(2024)Reliability Evaluation and Reliability Prediction for Internet of Things (IOT) ApplianceFrontiers of Performability Engineering10.1007/978-981-99-8258-5_4(69-101)Online publication date: 24-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8258-5_4
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Reliability of SSDs in Enterprise Storage Systems: A Large-Scale Field Study
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks
    1. Reliability
2. Information systems
  1. Information storage systems
    1. Information storage technologies
      1. Disk arrays
    2. Storage architectures
      1. Storage network architectures
        Network attached storage
  2. Information systems applications
    1. Enterprise information systems

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Storage

ACM Transactions on Storage Volume 17, Issue 1

Special Section on Usenix Fast 2020

February 2021

165 pages

ISSN:1553-3077

EISSN:1553-3093

DOI:10.1145/3446939

Editor:
Sam H. Noh
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

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Publication History

Published: 13 January 2021

Accepted: 01 September 2020

Received: 01 June 2020

Published in TOS Volume 17, Issue 1

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Cited By

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TPDS.2024.3443083
Feng HWei DGu SPiao ZWang YQiao L(2024)Random Flip Bit Aware Reading for Improving High-Density 3-D NAND Flash PerformanceIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers10.1109/TCSI.2024.336690271:5(2372-2383)Online publication date: May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2024.3366902
Fuqing Y(2024)Reliability Evaluation and Reliability Prediction for Internet of Things (IOT) ApplianceFrontiers of Performability Engineering10.1007/978-981-99-8258-5_4(69-101)Online publication date: 24-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8258-5_4
Borba ESalkhordeh RMimouni STavares EMaciel PAsadi HBrinkmann A(2024)A Hierarchical Modeling Approach for Assessing the Reliability and Performability of Burst BuffersArchitecture of Computing Systems10.1007/978-3-031-66146-4_18(266-281)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-66146-4_18
Stavrinos TBerger DKatz-Bassett ELloyd WAngel SKasikci BKohler E(2021)Don't be a blockheadProceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems10.1145/3458336.3465300(144-151)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3458336.3465300

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