More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Authentication of LINE Chat History Files by Information Hiding

Authors:

Yu-Tsung HsuAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), Volume 18, Issue 1

Article No.: 22, Pages 1 - 23

https://doi.org/10.1145/3474225

Published: 27 January 2022 Publication History

Abstract

With the prevalence of smartphones, message exchanges via mobile chatting programs like LINE have become popular. The messages in the form of chat records in a LINE chat history, after being downloaded for legal uses, might be tampered with illicitly. A novel method for authenticating the chat history against such attacks is proposed. The signal used for authenticating each chat-record segment is created by concatenating the ID label of the segment and a digest yielded by hashing the segment content. The signal is then encoded by three types of spacing code, namely half space, full space, and tab, and embedded into the blank-space areas created by the tab codes in the chat records of the segment. Authentication of a history file is accomplished by extracting the authentication signals embedded in the file and comparing them with the original signals computed directly from the file. The embedded signals are invisible, arousing no suspicion from the hacker. The signals are fragile, because any modification of the records can be detected by the authentication process. Experiments for testing four types of tampering with text files of four languages have been conducted, yielding correct authentication results that show the feasibility of the proposed method.

References

[1]

LINE Corporation. 2019. LINE: Free Calls & Messages. Retrieved October 10, 2019 from https://line.me/en/.

[2]

Wikipedia. 2021. Facebook Messenger. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger.

[3]

Wikipedia. 2021. Instagram. Retrieved March 28, 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram.

[4]

LINE Corporation. 2019. Responding to Law Enforcement Agencies, Retrieved April 15, 2021 from https://linecorp.com/en/security/article/35.

[5]

Donovan Artz. 2001. Digital steganography: Hiding data within data. IEEE Internet Computing 5, 3 (2001), 75–80. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.935180

Digital Library

[6]

Nopporn Chotikakamthorn. 1999. Document image data hiding technique using character spacing width sequence coding. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing. 250–254. DOI:

[7]

I.-Shi Lee and Wen-Hsiang Tsai. 2008. Data hiding in emails and applications using unused ASCII control codes. Journal of Information Technology and Applications 3, 1 (2008), 13–24.

[8]

Lipi Kothari, Rikin Thakkar, and Satvik Khara. 2017. Data hiding on web using combination of steganography and cryptography. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Electronics. 448–452. DOI:

[9]

Walter Bender, Daniel Gruhl, Norishige Morimoto, and Anthony Lu. 1996. Techniques for data hiding. IBM System Journal 35, 3.4 (1996), 313–336. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.353.0313

[10]

K. Winstein. 2019. Lexical Steganography Through Adaptive Modulation of the Word Choice Hash. Retrieved July 15, 2019 from http://web.mit.edu/keithw/tlex/.

[11]

Tatwadarshi P. Nagarhalli. 2014. A new approach to SMS text steganography using emoticons. In Proceedings of the National Conference on the Role of Engineers in Nation Building. 103–105.

[12]

Tsung-Yuan Liu and Wen-Hsiang Tsai. 2007. A new steganographic method for data hiding in Microsoft Word documents by a change tracking technique. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2, 1 (2007), 24–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2006.890310

[13]

Khan Farhan Rafat. 2009. Enhanced text steganography in SMS. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer, Control, and Communication. 1–6. DOI:

[14]

Natthawut Samphaiboon. 2011. Steganography via running short text messages. Multimedia Tools and Applications 52 (2011), 569–596. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0432-3

[15]

M. Hassan Shirali-Shahreza and Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza. 2007. Text steganography in chat. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/IFIP International Conference in Central Asia on Internet. 1–5. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/CANET.2007.4401716

[16]

Yu-Tsung Hsu and Da-Chun Wu. 2019. Authentication of LINE chat records by information hiding techniques. In Proceedings of the 2019 Cryptology and Information Security Conference.

[17]

Wikipedia. 2021. HTML. Retrieved April 5, 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML.

[18]

JSON org. 2021. Introducing JSON. Retrieved April 10, 2021 from https://www.json.org.

[19]

Chang-Chou Lin and Wen-Hsiang Tsai. 2014. Secret image sharing with steganography and authentication. Journal of Systems and Software 73, 3 (2014), 405–414. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00239-5

[20]

Tomas Schild. 2019. Search for Character(s) in Unicode 13.0.0. Retrieved November 8, 2021 from https://unicode-search.net/.

[21]

Unicode Inc. 2019. Unicode: World Standard for Text and Emoji. Retrieved September 16, 2019 from https://home.unicode.org/.

[22]

Ling Song, Guohong Liao, and Jian Guo. 2017. Non-full Sbox linearization: Applications to collision attacks on round-reduced Keccak. In Proceedings of the Annual International Cryptology Conference. 428–451.

[23]

Sandcastle Documented Class Library. 2019. SHA3.Shake256 Method. Retrieved September 30, 2019 from http://mathmesh.com/Code/mmm/html/86c2bae1-9518-e8ae-e1f5-5a7712812f1b.htm.

[24]

NIST. 2019. SHA-3 Project - Hash Functions | CSRC. Retrieved September 22, 2019 from https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/hash-functions/sha-3-project.

[25]

Scott Craver, Nasir Memon, Boon-Lock Yeo, and Minerva M. Yeung. 1998. Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: Limitations, attacks, and implications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16, 4 (1998), 573–586. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/49.668979

Digital Library

[26]

Renjie Zhu, Xinpeng Zhang, Mengte Shi, and Zhenjun Tang. 2020. Secure neural network watermarking protocol against forging attack. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing 2020, 37 (2020), 1–12. DOI:

[27]

Matt L. Miller, Ingemar J. Cox, Jean-Paul M. G. Linnartz, and Ton Kalker. 1999. A review of watermarking principles and practices. In Digital Signal Processing in Multimedia Systems, Keshab K. Parhi and Takao Nishitani (Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 461–485. DOI:

Cited By

Li JMao ZLi HChen WZhang Y(2024)Exploring Visual Relationships via Transformer-based Graphs for Enhanced Image CaptioningACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/363855820:5(1-23)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638558
Chen ZYang MZhang S(2023)Complementary Coarse-to-Fine Matching for Video Object SegmentationACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/359649619:6(1-21)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3596496
Xu YWei XDai PCao X(2023)A2SC: Adversarial Attacks on Subspace ClusteringACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/358709719:6(1-23)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3587097
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Authentication of LINE Chat History Files by Information Hiding
1. Security and privacy
  1. Software and application security
    1. Social network security and privacy

Recommendations

High capacity information hiding for privacy protection in digital video files

In this paper, a framework to hide privacy in video is proposed based on data hiding principals. A novel data hiding technique is proposed and implemented to hide the original frame into the in-painted one. The proposed hiding technique is carried out ...
An Information-Hiding Scheme Based on Quantization-Based Embedding Technique

Information hiding is a technique that embeds secret data in digital media for using in a variety of applications, including ownership protection, authentication, access control, annotation and so on. In this paper, we propose an information hiding ...
A secure high capacity full-gray-scale-level multi-image information hiding and secret image authentication scheme via Tchebichef moments

The growth of image processing tools and applications has made it easy for multi-media content such as music, audio, and video to be manipulated or forged during transmission over the Internet. Efforts, such as information hiding in steganography, have ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications Volume 18, Issue 1

January 2022

517 pages

ISSN:1551-6857

EISSN:1551-6865

DOI:10.1145/3505205

Editor:
Alberto Del Bimbo
University of Firenze, Italy

Issue’s Table of Contents

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 January 2022

Accepted: 01 July 2021

Revised: 01 May 2021

Received: 01 November 2020

Published in TOMM Volume 18, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Refereed

Funding Sources

National Science Council, Taiwan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

12
Total Citations
View Citations
210
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)42
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)8

Reflects downloads up to 13 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Li JMao ZLi HChen WZhang Y(2024)Exploring Visual Relationships via Transformer-based Graphs for Enhanced Image CaptioningACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/363855820:5(1-23)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638558
Chen ZYang MZhang S(2023)Complementary Coarse-to-Fine Matching for Video Object SegmentationACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/359649619:6(1-21)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3596496
Xu YWei XDai PCao X(2023)A2SC: Adversarial Attacks on Subspace ClusteringACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/358709719:6(1-23)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3587097
Wang JLing QLi P(2023)Robust Video Stabilization based on Motion DecompositionACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/358049819:5(1-24)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3580498
Xiang CCheng WLin CZhang XLiu DZheng XLi Z(2023)LSTAloc: A Driver-Oriented Incentive Mechanism for Mobility-on-Demand Vehicular Crowdsensing MarketIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2023.327167123:4(3106-3122)Online publication date: 1-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TMC.2023.3271671
Singh NRathaur PSingh APatel N(2023)Video Insights Application, A Machine Learning Approach2023 5th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N)10.1109/ICAC3N60023.2023.10541630(389-394)Online publication date: 15-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC3N60023.2023.10541630
Wu H(2022)Real Time Facial Expression Recognition for Online LectureWireless Communications & Mobile Computing10.1155/2022/96842642022Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1155/2022/9684264
Alharbi AAljebreen MTolba ALizos KEl-Atty SShawki F(2022)A Normalized Slicing-assigned Virtualization Method for 6G-based Wireless Communication SystemsACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/354607718:3s(1-18)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546077
Gao FYang JXu P(2022)Steganalysis of Compressed Speech Based on Association Rule MiningIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2022.320970310(103337-103348)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3209703
Wang JYang JGao FXu P(2022)Steganalysis of Compressed Speech Based on Global and Local Correlation MiningIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2022.319405110(78472-78483)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194051
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Full Text

View this article in Full Text.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View full text|Download PDF

View Issue’s Table of Contents