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Formalizing Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Prerequisites, Causes and Goals of Human Trust in AI

Authors:

Ana Marasović,

Yoav GoldbergAuthors Info & Claims

FAccT '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

Pages 624 - 635

https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445923

Published: 01 March 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Trust is a central component of the interaction between people and AI, in that 'incorrect' levels of trust may cause misuse, abuse or disuse of the technology. But what, precisely, is the nature of trust in AI? What are the prerequisites and goals of the cognitive mechanism of trust, and how can we promote them, or assess whether they are being satisfied in a given interaction? This work aims to answer these questions. We discuss a model of trust inspired by, but not identical to, interpersonal trust (i.e., trust between people) as defined by sociologists. This model rests on two key properties: the vulnerability of the user; and the ability to anticipate the impact of the AI model's decisions. We incorporate a formalization of 'contractual trust', such that trust between a user and an AI model is trust that some implicit or explicit contract will hold, and a formalization of 'trustworthiness' (that detaches from the notion of trustworthiness in sociology), and with it concepts of 'warranted' and 'unwarranted' trust. We present the possible causes of warranted trust as intrinsic reasoning and extrinsic behavior, and discuss how to design trustworthy AI, how to evaluate whether trust has manifested, and whether it is warranted. Finally, we elucidate the connection between trust and XAI using our formalization.

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Starke GGille FTermine AAquino YChavarriaga RFerrario AHastings JJongsma KKellmeyer PKulynych BPostan ERacine ESahin DTomaszewska PVold KWebb JFacchini AIenca M(2025)Finding Consensus on Trust in AI in Health Care: Recommendations From a Panel of International ExpertsJournal of Medical Internet Research10.2196/5630627(e56306)Online publication date: 19-Feb-2025
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Zahedi ZSengupta SKambhampati S(2025)A Game-Theoretic Model of Trust in Human–Robot Teaming: Guiding Human Observation Strategy for Monitoring Robot BehaviorIEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems10.1109/THMS.2024.348855955:1(37-47)Online publication date: Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2024.3488559
Scantamburlo TCortés AFoffano FBarrué CDistefano VPham LFabris A(2025)Artificial Intelligence Across Europe: A Study on Awareness, Attitude and TrustIEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence10.1109/TAI.2024.34616336:2(477-490)Online publication date: Feb-2025
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Chaturvedi AYadav NDasgupta M(2025)Tech-Driven Transformation: Unravelling the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Strategic Decision-MakingInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2025.2456534(1-20)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2025
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Stephanidis CSalvendy GAntona MDuffy VGao QKarwowski WKonomi SNah FNtoa SRau PSiau KZhou J(2025)Seven HCI Grand Challenges Revisited: Five-Year ProgressInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2025.2450411(1-49)Online publication date: 4-Feb-2025
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Ramezani E(2025)Sentiment analysis applications using deep learning advancements in social networks: A systematic reviewNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129862(129862)Online publication date: Mar-2025
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Scherer BLehner S(2025)What drives robo-advice?Journal of Empirical Finance10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.10157480(101574)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101574
Peracchio LNicora GParimbelli EBuonocore TTavazzi EBergamaschi RDagliati ABellazzi R(2025)RelAI: an automated approach to judge pointwise ML prediction reliabilityInternational Journal of Medical Informatics10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.105857197(105857)Online publication date: May-2025
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Xuan YSmall ESokol KHettiachchi DSanderson M(2025)Comprehension is a double-edged sword: Over-interpreting unspecified information in intelligible machine learning explanationsInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103376193(103376)Online publication date: Jan-2025
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