More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

A Survey on Bluetooth 5.0 and Mesh: New Milestones of IoT

Authors:

Chenshu WuAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), Volume 15, Issue 3

Article No.: 28, Pages 1 - 29

https://doi.org/10.1145/3317687

Published: 30 May 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Ubiquitous connectivity among objects is the future of the coming Internet of Things era. Technologies are competing fiercely to fulfill this goal, but none of them can fit into all application scenarios. However, efforts are still made to expand application ranges of certain technologies. Shortly after the adoption of its newest version, Bluetooth 5.0, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group released another new specification on network topology: Bluetooth Mesh. Combined together, those two bring Bluetooth to a brand new stage. However, current works related to it only focus on part of the new Bluetooth, and discussion over the entire one is lacking. Therefore, in this survey, we conduct an investigation toward the new Bluetooth from a comprehensive perspective. Through this, we show that the new Bluetooth not only consolidates its strengths in original application fields but also brings alterations and opportunities to new ones, making it a strong competitor in the future for providing complete solutions to meet the demands of seamless communications in the Internet of Things area.

References

[1]

Mathias Baert, Jen Rossey, Adnan Shahid, and Jeroen Hoebeke. 2018. The Bluetooth mesh standard: An overview and experimental evaluation. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 18, 8 (July 2018), 2409.

[2]

Nick Baker. 2005. ZigBee and Bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications. Computing 8 Control Engineering Journal 16, 2 (2005), 20--25.

[3]

M. Collotta, G. Pau, T. Talty, and O. K. Tonguz. 2018. Bluetooth 5: A concrete step forward toward the IoT. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, 7 (July 2018), 125--131.

[4]

Seyed Mahdi Darroudi and Carles Gomez. 2017. Bluetooth low energy mesh networks: A survey. Sensors 17, 7 (2017), 1467.

[5]

Piergiusepps Di Macro, Per Skillermark, Anna Larmo, and Pontus Arvidson. 2017. Bluetooth Mesh Networking. Retrieved July 22, 2017 from https://www.ericsson.com/en/publications/white-papers/bluetooth-mesh-networking.

[6]

Joshua F. Ensworth and Matthew S. Reynolds. 2017. BLE-backscatter: Ultralow-power IoT nodes compatible with Bluetooth 4.0 low energy (BLE) smartphones and tablets. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 9 (2017), 3360--3368.

[7]

Christian Gehrmann. 2002. Bluetooth Security White Paper. Bluetooth SIG Security Expert Group.

[8]

Bluetooth Mesh Working Group. 2017. Mesh Profile v1.0. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/mesh-specifications.

[9]

C. T. Hager and S. F. Midkiff. 2003. An analysis of Bluetooth security vulnerabilities. In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC’03). Vol. 3. 1825--1831.

[10]

Richard W. Hamming. 1950. Error detecting and error correcting codes. Bell System Technical Journal 29, 2 (1950), 147--160.

[11]

A. K. M. M. Hossain and W. Soh. 2007. A comprehensive study of Bluetooth signal parameters for localization. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications. 1--5.

[12]

N. Hunke, Z. Yusef, M. Ruessmann, F. Schmieg, A. Bhatia, and N. Kalra. 2017. Winning in IoT: It’s all about the business processes. BCG Perspectives. Available at https://www.bcg.com.

[13]

H. J. Pérez Iglesias, V. Barral, and C. J. Escudero. 2012. Indoor person localization system through RSSI Bluetooth fingerprinting. In Proceedings of the 2012 19th International Conference on Systems, Signals, and Image Processing (IWSSIP’12). 40--43.

[14]

Markus Jakobsson and Susanne Wetzel. 2001. Security weaknesses in Bluetooth. In Topics in Cryptology—CT-RSA 2001, D. Naccache (Ed.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 176--191.

Digital Library

[15]

Aravind Kailas, Valentina Cecchi, and Arindam Mukherjee. 2012. A survey of communications and networking technologies for energy management in buildings and home automation. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012), Article 932181, 12 pages.

[16]

Heikki Karvonen, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Matti Hämäläinen, Jari Iinatti, and Carlos Pomalaza-Ráez. 2017. Experimental performance evaluation of BLE 4 vs BLE 5 in indoors and outdoors scenarios. In Advances in Body Area Networks. Springer, 235--251.

[17]

H. Kim, J. Lee, and J. W. Jang. 2015. BLEmesh: A wireless mesh network protocol for Bluetooth low energy devices. In Proceedings of the 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud. 558--563.

Digital Library

[18]

M. Kouhne and J. Sieck. 2014. Location-based services with iBeacon technology. In Proceedings of the 2014 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling, and Simulation. 315--321.

Digital Library

[19]

Silicon Labs. 2018. Benchmarking Bluetooth Mesh, Thread, and Zigbee Network Performance. Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://www.silabs.com/products/wireless/learning-center/mesh-performance.

[20]

Qiang Ma, Shanfeng Zhang, Tong Zhu, Kebin Liu, Lan Zhang, Wenbo He, and Yunhao Liu. 2017. PLP: Protecting location privacy against correlation analyze attack in crowdsensing. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 16, 9 (2017), 2588--2598.

Digital Library

[21]

Daniele Miorandi, Sabrina Sicari, Francesco De Pellegrini, and Imrich Chlamtac. 2012. Internet of Things: Vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks 10, 7 (2012), 1497--1516.

Digital Library

[22]

A. Mpitziopoulos, D. Gavalas, C. Konstantopoulos, and G. Pantziou. 2009. A survey on jamming attacks and countermeasures in WSNs. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 11, 4 (2009), 42--56.

Digital Library

[23]

Thomas Muller. 1999. Bluetooth Security Architecture. White Paper Version 1.0.

[24]

Yuri Murillo, Brecht Reynders, Alessandro Chiumento, Salman Malik, Pieter Crombez, and Sofie Pollin. 2017. Bluetooth now or low energy: Should BLE mesh become a flooding or connection oriented network? In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’17). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1--6.

Digital Library

[25]

I. Oksar. 2014. A Bluetooth signal strength based indoor localization method. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Systems, Signals, and Image Processing (IWSSIP’14). 251--254.

[26]

Gaetano Patti, Luca Leonardi, and Lucia Lo Bello. 2016. A Bluetooth low energy real-time protocol for industrial wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON’16). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 4627--4632.

Digital Library

[27]

Zhongmin Pei, Zhidong Deng, Bo Yang, and Xiaoliang Cheng. 2008. Application-oriented wireless sensor network communication protocols and hardware platforms: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT’08). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1--6.

[28]

Qualcomm. 2017. CSRmesh Development Kit. Retrieved May 5, 2018 from https://www.qualcomm.com/products/csrmesh-development-kit.

[29]

Yaswanth Kumar Reddy, Praneeth Juturu, Hari Prabhat Gupta, Pramod Reddy Serikar, Shruti Sirur, Sulekha Barak, and Bonggon Kim. 2015. A connection oriented mesh network for mobile devices using Bluetooth low energy. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. ACM, New York, NY, 453--454.

Digital Library

[30]

Kai Ren. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—How Fast Can It Be? Retrieved February 20, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth-5-how-fast-can-it-be.

[31]

Janessa Rivera and Rob van der Meulen. 2013. Gartner says the Internet of Things installed base will grow to 26 billion units by 2020. Stamford, CT, December 12.

[32]

F. Samie, L. Bauer, and J. Henkel. 2016. IoT technologies for embedded computing: A survey. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS’16). 1--10.

Digital Library

[33]

Nordic Semiconductor. 2016. Nordic nRF52840. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/nRF52840.

[34]

Bluetooth SIG. 2016. Bluetooth 5.0 Core Specification. Retrieved April 12, 2019 from https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification.

[35]

Sheng Tan and Jie Yang. 2016. WiFinger: Leveraging commodity WiFi for fine-grained finger gesture recognition. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. ACM, New York, NY, 201--210.

Digital Library

[36]

Jiliang Wang, Zhichao Cao, Xufei Mao, Xiang-Yang Li, and Yunhao Liu. 2016. Towards energy efficient duty-cycled networks: Aanalysis, implications and improvement. IEEE Transactions on Computers 1 (2016), 1--1.

Digital Library

[37]

Wendy Warne. 2016. Bluetooth 5 Is Here. Retrieved December 14, 2016 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/bluetooth-5-is-here.

[38]

Wendy Warne. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—What’s New in Advertising? Retrieved February 27, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth5-whats-new-in-advertising.

[39]

Martin Woolley. 2017. Exploring Bluetooth 5—Going the Distance. Retrieved February 13, 2017 from https://blog.bluetooth.com/exploring-bluetooth-5-going-the-distance.

[40]

C. Wu, Z. Yang, and Y. Liu. 2015. Smartphones based crowdsourcing for indoor localization. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 14, 2 (Feb. 2015), 444--457.

[41]

C. Wu, Z. Yang, and C. Xiao. 2018. Automatic radio map adaptation for indoor localization using smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17, 3 (March 2018), 517--528.

[42]

Chenshu Wu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Xuefeng Liu, Yunhao Liu, and Jiannong Cao. 2015. Non-invasive detection of moving and stationary human with wifi. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33, 11 (2015), 2329--2342.

Digital Library

[43]

Yaxiong Xie, Zhenjiang Li, and Mo Li. 2018. Precise power delay profiling with commodity Wi-Fi. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2018), 1--1.

[44]

Zheng Yang, Chenshu Wu, and Yunhao Liu. 2012. Locating in fingerprint space: Wireless indoor localization with little human intervention. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’12). ACM, New York, NY, 269--280.

Digital Library

[45]

Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, and Yunhao Liu. 2013. From RSSI to CSI: Indoor localization via channel response. ACM Computing Surveys 46, 2 (2013), 25.

Digital Library

[46]

Thomas Zahn, Greg O’Shea, and Antony Rowstron. 2009. An empirical study of flooding in mesh networks. SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 37, 2 (Oct. 2009), 57--58.

Digital Library

[47]

Zhi-Kai Zhang, Michael Cheng Yi Cho, Chia-Wei Wang, Chia-Wei Hsu, Chong-Kuan Chen, and Shiuhpyng Shieh. 2014. IoT security: Ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA’14). IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 230--234.

Digital Library

[48]

Y. Zhou, H. Wang, S. Zheng, and Z. Z. Lei. 2013. Advances in IEEE 802.11ah standardization for machine-type communications in sub-1GHz WLAN. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC’13). 1269--1273.

Cited By

Biegelmeyer ARoque Ade Freitas E(2024)An Experimental Study on BLE 5 Mesh Applied to Public TransportationACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/364764120:3(1-27)Online publication date: 13-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3647641
Hosseinkhani ZNabi M(2024)BMSim: An Event-Driven Simulator for Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Mesh NetworksIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.329155111:2(2139-2151)Online publication date: 15-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3291551
Zheng YDang FYang ZJiang JWang XWang LLiu KChen XLiu Y(2024)BlueKey: Exploiting Bluetooth Low Energy for Enhanced Physical-Layer Key GenerationIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621142(711-720)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621142
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

A Survey on Bluetooth 5.0 and Mesh: New Milestones of IoT
1. General and reference
  1. Document types
    1. Surveys and overviews
2. Networks
  1. Network performance evaluation
    1. Network performance analysis

Recommendations

Exploiting Bluetooth Vulnerabilities in e-Health IoT Devices
ICFNDS '19: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems

Internet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected network of heterogeneous things through the Internet. The current and next generation of e-health systems are dependent on IoT devices such as wireless medical sensors. One of the most important applications ...
SP 800-121. Guide to Bluetooth Security
Bluetooth: Opening a blue sky for healthcare
Managing Interaction, Location, and Communication in Mobile Information Systems

Over the last few years, there has been a blossoming of developing mobile healthcare programs. Bluetooth technology, which has the advantages of being low-power and inexpensive, whilst being able to transfer moderate amounts of data over a versatile, ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 15, Issue 3

August 2019

324 pages

ISSN:1550-4859

EISSN:1550-4867

DOI:10.1145/3335317

Editor:
Yunhao Liu
Tsinghua University, China

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 30 May 2019

Accepted: 01 February 2019

Revised: 01 January 2019

Received: 01 August 2018

Published in TOSN Volume 15, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Funding Sources

NSFC
National Key Research Plan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

57
Total Citations
View Citations
1,772
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)127
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)14

Reflects downloads up to 19 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Biegelmeyer ARoque Ade Freitas E(2024)An Experimental Study on BLE 5 Mesh Applied to Public TransportationACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/364764120:3(1-27)Online publication date: 13-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3647641
Hosseinkhani ZNabi M(2024)BMSim: An Event-Driven Simulator for Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Mesh NetworksIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.329155111:2(2139-2151)Online publication date: 15-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3291551
Zheng YDang FYang ZJiang JWang XWang LLiu KChen XLiu Y(2024)BlueKey: Exploiting Bluetooth Low Energy for Enhanced Physical-Layer Key GenerationIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621142(711-720)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621142
Maalouf GJepsen JJensen K(2024)Airspace Situational Awareness: Proposed Airspace Safety Concepts & State-of-the-Art Review of UAS Aircraft Detection Technologies2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)10.1109/ICUAS60882.2024.10557082(1393-1400)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS60882.2024.10557082
Debadarshini JSaha S(2024)BLE-based Many-to-Many Data-Sharing for Internet-of-Things2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)10.1109/COMSNETS59351.2024.10427288(1154-1159)Online publication date: 3-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS59351.2024.10427288
Na SSim JKim BKwon DCho I(2024)Design of Bluetooth Communication-Based Wireless Battery Management System for Electric VehiclesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.351266912(185946-185957)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3512669
Sumorek MIdźkowski A(2024)The influence of recursive filtering methods on Bluetooth-based localizationIFAC-PapersOnLine10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.38358:9(126-131)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.383
Wu QSun JHu MLiu XPan LWang B(2024)Research on intelligent lighting Bluetooth Mesh networking control based on AODVEnergy and Buildings10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114838323(114838)Online publication date: Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114838
Colmenares-Quintero RBaquero-Almazo MKasperczyk DStansfield KColmenares-Quintero J(2024)Analysis of IoT technologies suitable for remote areas in Colombia: Conceptual design of an IoT system for monitoring and managing distributed energy systemsCleaner Engineering and Technology10.1016/j.clet.2024.10078321(100783)Online publication date: Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100783
Chai YZeng XLiu Z(2024)The future of wireless mesh network in next-generation communication: a perspective overviewEvolving Systems10.1007/s12530-024-09583-815:4(1635-1648)Online publication date: 23-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-024-09583-8
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents