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research-article

Spinning Icons: Introducing a Novel SSVEP-BCI Paradigm Based on Rotation

Authors:

Maurice Rekrut,

Tobias Jungbluth,

Jan Alexandersson,

Antonio KrügerAuthors Info & Claims

IUI '21: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

Pages 234 - 243

https://doi.org/10.1145/3397481.3450646

Published: 14 April 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Steady-State-Visually-Evoked-Potential (SSVEP) Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) make use of flickering stimuli to determine the target a user is looking at and select commands accordingly. Those types of BCI can be operated with little to no training, achieve high classification accuracies and are robust in application. A drawback of this approach is the reduced user comfort due to the constant flickering of the stimuli which can be annoying and tiring to look at. Existing studies addressing this issue try to make use of motion to disguise the oscillating patterns. However, this makes them look abstract and restricts the design of those applications as those patterns do not blend in to conventional user interfaces. In this work we introduce the concept of spinning icons to evoke SSVEPs. The icons are rotating in a certain frequency around their vertical axis and are supposed to appear more natural and be less stressing for the human eye. Furthermore this concept is not bound to any kind of abstract motion based pattern but rather supposed to work with any type of icon or image. The newly designed stimuli were evaluated in an application-oriented scenario and compared to standard and state-of-the-art movement-based SSVEP stimuli regarding the classification accuracy and experienced visual fatigue. The results show that the newly created stimuli performed equally well and partially even better in terms of classification accuracy and were rated throughout better concerning visual fatigue by the study participants. This work therefore lays the foundation for more comfortable SSVEP-BCIs which can be used with basically every icon or UI element spinning around their vertical axis.

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Cited By

Kim JKim TLee J(2024)VR-SSVEPeripheral: Designing Virtual Reality Friendly SSVEP Stimuli using Peripheral Vision Area for Immersive and Comfortable ExperienceExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3651084(1-7)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3651084
KONDO STANAKA H(2023)Effort and Issues in Development of High-Frequency Stimulus SSVEP-BCI for Flicker Stress Reductionちらつきストレス軽減を目的とした高周波刺激SSVEP-BCI開発の取り組みとその課題Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-22-0006222:3(217-228)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-22-00062
Wang JWang LHan JMu WWang PZhang XZhan GZhang LGan ZKang X(2023)Using Determinant Point Process in Generative Adversarial Networks for SSVEP Signals Synthesis2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340247(1-4)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340247
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Spinning Icons: Introducing a Novel SSVEP-BCI Paradigm Based on Rotation
1. Computing methodologies
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

IUI '21: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

April 2021

618 pages

ISBN:9781450380171

DOI:10.1145/3397481

Copyright © 2021 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 14 April 2021

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Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

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IUI '21

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IUI '21: 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

April 14 - 17, 2021

TX, College Station, USA

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Overall Acceptance Rate 746 of 2,811 submissions, 27%

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IUI '25

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30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

March 24 - 27, 2025

Cagliari , Italy

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Cited By

Kim JKim TLee J(2024)VR-SSVEPeripheral: Designing Virtual Reality Friendly SSVEP Stimuli using Peripheral Vision Area for Immersive and Comfortable ExperienceExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3651084(1-7)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3651084
KONDO STANAKA H(2023)Effort and Issues in Development of High-Frequency Stimulus SSVEP-BCI for Flicker Stress Reductionちらつきストレス軽減を目的とした高周波刺激SSVEP-BCI開発の取り組みとその課題Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-22-0006222:3(217-228)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.5057/jjske.TJSKE-D-22-00062
Wang JWang LHan JMu WWang PZhang XZhan GZhang LGan ZKang X(2023)Using Determinant Point Process in Generative Adversarial Networks for SSVEP Signals Synthesis2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340247(1-4)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340247
Fidas CLyras D(2023)A Review of EEG-Based User Authentication: Trends and Future Research DirectionsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.325302611(22917-22934)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3253026
Kondo STanaka H(2023)High-frequency SSVEP–BCI with less flickering sensation using personalization of stimulus frequencyArtificial Life and Robotics10.1007/s10015-023-00893-928:4(803-811)Online publication date: 10-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10015-023-00893-9
Siribunyaphat NPunsawad Y(2022)Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain–Computer Interface Using a Novel Visual Stimulus with Quick Response (QR) Code PatternSensors10.3390/s2204143922:4(1439)Online publication date: 13-Feb-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041439
Auda JGruenefeld UKosch TSchneegass S(2022)The Butterfly Effect: Novel Opportunities for Steady-State Visually-Evoked Potential Stimuli in Virtual RealityProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202210.1145/3519391.3519397(254-266)Online publication date: 13-Mar-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3519391.3519397

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