Characterizing the Coordinating Behaviors in a Three vs. One Ball Possession Game using Gaze Interaction

Coordinating behaviors in group activities is a fundamental skill in our social life. However, people with impairments and disabilities may have difficulty performing a whole-body movement and manipulation of devices; therefore, their opportunities for coordinating behaviors are considerably reduced, especially in virtual environments. In this study, we focus on gaze interaction as a primary interaction method and investigate coordinating behaviors in a virtual environment. In addition, we implement a three vs. one ball possession game controlled using gaze interaction. As a preliminary study, we examine the coordinating behavioral patterns of game players without impairments and disabilities. Moreover, our experimental result demonstrates that it is possible to perform three vs. one ball possession games using gaze interaction. Further, we observe the distribution of angles among the three players, with modes at 56, 72, and 50 degrees for players 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This reveals the approximate shape of the triangle constructed by the players. In the real-world player's skill, the resulted triangle allowed us to categorize the players at the intermediate level.