[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3105726.3106170acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicerConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

The 'Art' of Programming: Exploring Student Conceptions of Programming through the Use of Drawing Methodology

Published: 14 August 2017 Publication History

Abstract

In this exploratory study, we analysed 396 drawings by first-year programming students in response to the question "what does programming mean to you". We were surprised by the level of care that students gave to their drawings, and we were confronted by the degree of emotion contained within the drawings. To date, few studies have focused specifically on programming students' emotional reactions to their learning experiences. Here, we analysed our student drawings as 'group data', taking note of recurring artefacts, actors, activities, aspirations and affect across the entire dataset. The observed patterns noted in the drawings raised questions around how students conceptualise programming, both as a subject and potential future profession. As contributions to the field, we: (1) discuss the potential of drawing as a research methodology for computer science; (2) present our findings and observations; and (3) suggest how this type of data could be used to better inform teaching practice in novice programming courses.

References

[1]
D. Knuth. 1974. Computer programming as an art. Communications of the ACM, v.17 n.12, pp.667--673, Dec 1974.
[2]
E. Lahtinen, K. Ala-Mutka, and H-M. Järvinen. 2005. A study of the difficulties of novice programmers. Acm Sigcse Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 3, pp.14--18. ACM, 2005.
[3]
A. Robins, J. Rountree, and N. Rountree. 2003. Learning and teaching programming: a review. Computer Science Education. 13, 2, pp.137--172.
[4]
A. Berglund, and R. Lister. 2010. Introductory programming and the didactic triangle. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 103 (pp. 35--44). Australian Computer Society, Inc.
[5]
M. Butler, and M. Morgan. 2007. Learning challenges faced by novice programming students studying high level and low feedback concepts. In Proceedings of the 24th ascilite Conference (pp. 2--5).
[6]
A. Pears, S. Seidman, L. Malmi, L. Mannila, E. Adams, J. Bennedsen, M. Devlin, and J. Paterson. 2007. A survey of literature on the teaching of introductory programming. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 39(4), pp.204--223.
[7]
S. Fincher, A. Robins, B. Baker, I. Box, Q. Cutts, M. de Raadt, P. Haden, J. Hamer, M. Hamilton, R. Lister, and M. Petre. 2006. Predictors of success in a first programming course. In Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 52 (pp. 189--196). Australian Computer Society, Inc., Jan 2006.
[8]
P. Kinnunen, and B. Simon. 2012. My program is ok, am I? Computing freshmen's experiences of doing programming assignments. Computer Science Education, 22(1), pp.1--28.
[9]
J. Gasson, D. Parsons, K. Wood, and P. Haden. In review. Student affect in CS1: Insights from an easy data collection tool. Koli Calling, November 16--19, 2017, Koli, Finland.
[10]
C. Edmondson. 2008. Teaching tales: some student perceptions of computing education. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 40(4), pp.103--106.
[11]
L.C. Kaczmarczyk, E.R. Petrick, J.P. East, and G.L. Herman. 2010. Identifying student misconceptions of programming. In Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (pp. 107--111). ACM. Mar 2010.
[12]
J.C. Liang, Y.C. Su, and C.C. Tsai. 2015. The assessment of Taiwanese college students' conceptions of and approaches to learning computer science and their relationships. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 24(4), pp.557--567.
[13]
I. Stamouli, and M. Huggard. 2006. Object oriented programming and program correctness: the students' perspective. In Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research (pp. 109--118). ACM. Sep 2006.
[14]
D. Krpan, M. Rosić, and S. Mladenović. 2014. Teaching basic programming skills to undergraduate students. In Contemporary issues in economy and technology. Jan 2014.
[15]
A. Eckerdal, M. Thuné, and A. Berglund. 2005. What does it take to learn 'programming thinking'?. In Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research (pp. 135--142). ACM. Oct 2005.
[16]
S. Fincher, J. Tenenberg, and A. Robins. 2011. Research design: necessary bricolage. In Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Computing education research (pp. 27--32). ACM. Aug 2011.
[17]
T. Hübscher-Younger, and N.H. Narayanan. 2003. Dancing hamsters and marble statues: characterizing student visualizations of algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Software visualization (pp. 95--104). ACM. Jun 2003.
[18]
C. Golomb. 2003. The child's creation of a pictorial world. Psychology Press.
[19]
R.P. Jolley. 2010. Children and pictures: Drawing and understanding. John Wiley & Sons.
[20]
M.R. Lea, and B.V. Street. 1998. Student writing in higher education: an academic literacies approach. Studies in higher education 23(2), pp. 157--172.
[21]
K. Hyland. 2008. As can be seen: lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for specific purposes, 27(1), pp. 4--21.
[22]
M. Guillemin. 2004. Understanding illness: Using drawings as a research method. Qualitative health research, 14(2), pp.272--289.
[23]
N. Selwyn, S. Boraschi, and S.M. Özkula. 2009. Drawing digital pictures: An investigation of primary pupils' representations of ICT and schools. British Educational Research Journal, 35(6), pp.909--928.
[24]
W.M. Hsieh, and C.C. Tsai. 2016. Learning illustrated: An exploratory cross-sectional drawing analysis of students' conceptions of learning. The Journal of Educational Research, pp.1--12.
[25]
W.M. Hsieh, and C.C. Tsai. 2017. Exploring students' conceptions of science learning via drawing: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Science Education, pp.1--25.
[26]
K.N. Sim. 2016. An investigation into the way PhD students utilise ICT to support their doctoral research process (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago).
[27]
S. Köse. 2008. Diagnosing student misconceptions: Using drawings as a research method. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(2), pp.283--293.
[28]
F. Cornish, A. Gillespie, and T. Zittoun. 2013. Collaborative analysis of qualitative data. Sage Publications Limited.
[29]
P.A. Nielsen. 2016. Towards a Design Theory for Collaborative Qualitative Data Analysis. Practice-based Design and Innovation of Digital Artifacts.
[30]
F. Trede, R. Macklin, and D. Bridges. 2012. Professional identity development: a review of the higher education literature. Studies in Higher Education, 37(3), pp.365--384.
[31]
A. Reid, L.O. Dahlgren, P. Petocz, and M.A. Dahlgren. 2008. Identity and engagement for professional formation. Studies in Higher Education, 33(6), pp.729--742.
[32]
Y. Lindsjørn, D.I. Sjøberg, T. Dingsøyr, G.R. Bergersen, and T. Dybå. 2016. Teamwork quality and project success in software development: A survey of agile development teams. Journal of Systems and Software, 122, pp.274--286.
[33]
C. McDowell, L. Werner, H. Bullock, and J. Fernald. 2002. The effects of pair-programming on performance in an introductory programming course. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 34(1), pp.38--42.
[34]
K. Wood, D. Parsons, J. Gasson, and P. Haden. 2013. It's never too early: pair programming in CS1. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Australasian Computing Education Conference-Volume 136 (pp. 13--21). Australian Computer Society, Inc. Jan 2013.
[35]
T. Jenkins. 2001. The motivation of students of programming. In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 53--56). ACM. Jun 2001.
[36]
L.M. Leventhal, and D.W. Chilson. 1989. Beyond Just a Job: Expectations of Computer Science Students. Computer Science Education, 1(2), pp.129--143.
[37]
A. Dean, and P. Gibbs. 2015. Student satisfaction or happiness? A preliminary rethink of what is important in the student experience. Quality Assurance in Education, 23(1), pp.5--19.
[38]
M. Kölling. 1999. The problem of teaching object-oriented programming. Journal of Object Oriented Programming, 11(8), pp.8--15.
[39]
K. Sanders, J. Boustedt, A. Eckerdal, R. McCartney, J.E. Moström, L. Thomas, and C. Zander. 2008. Student understanding of object-oriented programming as expressed in concept maps. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 40(1), pp.332--336.
[40]
R. Wass, and C. Golding. 2014. Sharpening a tool for teaching: the zone of proximal development. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(6), pp.671--684.
[41]
E.L. Bjork, and R.A. Bjork. 2011. Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. Psychology and the real world: Essays illustrating fundamental contributions to society, pp.56--64.
[42]
S. D'Mello, and A. Graesser. 2012. Dynamics of affective states during complex learning. Learning and Instruction, 22(2), pp.145--157.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Student Perceptions of Computer Science as a ProfessionProceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 110.1145/3649217.3653623(339-345)Online publication date: 3-Jul-2024
  • (2023)Flowboard: How Seamless, Live, Flow-Based Programming Impacts Learning to Code for Embedded ElectronicsACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/353301530:1(1-36)Online publication date: 7-Mar-2023
  • (2023)Web-based drawing for students with different learning styles and cognitive abilitiesEducation and Information Technologies10.1007/s10639-022-11542-228:7(9049-9079)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. The 'Art' of Programming: Exploring Student Conceptions of Programming through the Use of Drawing Methodology

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    ICER '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research
    August 2017
    316 pages
    ISBN:9781450349680
    DOI:10.1145/3105726
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 14 August 2017

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. drawing methodology
    2. programming education
    3. student affect

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    ICER '17
    Sponsor:
    ICER '17: International Computing Education Research Conference
    August 18 - 20, 2017
    Washington, Tacoma, USA

    Acceptance Rates

    ICER '17 Paper Acceptance Rate 29 of 180 submissions, 16%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 189 of 803 submissions, 24%

    Upcoming Conference

    ICER 2025
    ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research
    August 3 - 6, 2025
    Charlottesville , VA , USA

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)25
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
    Reflects downloads up to 14 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Student Perceptions of Computer Science as a ProfessionProceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 110.1145/3649217.3653623(339-345)Online publication date: 3-Jul-2024
    • (2023)Flowboard: How Seamless, Live, Flow-Based Programming Impacts Learning to Code for Embedded ElectronicsACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/353301530:1(1-36)Online publication date: 7-Mar-2023
    • (2023)Web-based drawing for students with different learning styles and cognitive abilitiesEducation and Information Technologies10.1007/s10639-022-11542-228:7(9049-9079)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2023
    • (2022)Drawing as an Opportunity to Assess Meaningful Learning in College StudentsDesign and Measurement Strategies for Meaningful Learning10.4018/978-1-7998-9128-4.ch009(171-191)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022
    • (2022)Categorizing Research on Identity in Undergraduate Computing EducationProceedings of the 22nd Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research10.1145/3564721.3565948(1-13)Online publication date: 17-Nov-2022
    • (2021)Emotions and programming learning: systematic mappingComputer Science Education10.1080/08993408.2021.192081632:1(30-65)Online publication date: 17-May-2021
    • (2020)What are We Asking our Students? A Literature Map of Student Surveys in Computer Science EducationProceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education10.1145/3341525.3387383(418-424)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2020
    • (2020)Exploring college students’ conceptions of learning computer science: a draw-a-picture technique studyComputer Science Education10.1080/08993408.2020.178315531:1(60-82)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2020
    • (2019)Development of a Self-Reporting Tool for Capturing Student Emotions During Programming ActivitiesProceedings of the Twenty-First Australasian Computing Education Conference10.1145/3286960.3286968(64-68)Online publication date: 29-Jan-2019
    • (undefined)Web-Based Drawing for Students with Different Learning Styles and Cognitive AbilitiesSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.3981393

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media