[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3173574.3173631acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

BSpeak: An Accessible Voice-based Crowdsourcing Marketplace for Low-Income Blind People

Published: 19 April 2018 Publication History

Abstract

BSpeak is an accessible crowdsourcing marketplace that enables blind people in developing regions to earn money by transcribing audio files through speech. We examine accessibility and usability barriers that 15 first-time users, who are low-income and blind, experienced while completing transcription tasks on BSpeak and Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Our mixed-methods analysis revealed severe accessibility barriers in MTurk due to the absence of landmarks, unlabeled UI elements, and improper use of HTML headings. Compared to MTurk, participants found BSpeak significantly more accessible and usable, and completed tasks with higher accuracy in lesser time due to its voice-based implementation. In a two-week field deployment of BSpeak in India, 24 low-income blind users earned rupee 7,310 by completing over 16,000 transcription tasks to yield transcriptions with 87% accuracy. Through our analysis of BSpeak's strengths and weaknesses, we provide recommendations for designing crowdsourcing marketplaces for low-income blind people in resource-constrained settings.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (pn1370-file5.mp4)
Supplemental video
MP4 File (pn1370.mp4)

References

[1]
2009. Employment of Disabled People in India. Technical Report. Diversity and Equal Opportunity Centre (DEOC).
[2]
2014. WHO | Visual impairment and blindness. (2014). http: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/.
[3]
2016. Get Paid to Click: 10 Legit Sites That Pay You to Click on Ads | SurveySatrap. (Feb. 2016). http://surveysatrap.com/get-paid-to-click/.
[4]
2016. National Institute for the Visually Handicapped Annual Report 2015--16. Technical Report. Department OF Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justic and Empowerment, Government of India. http://nivh.gov.in/index.php/annual-report
[5]
2016. Quick Transcription Service. (2016). http://www.quicktranscriptionservice.com/ Hindi-Transcription.html.
[6]
2016. Scripts Complete. (2016). http://scriptscomplete.com/ Hindi-Transcription-Services.php.
[7]
2016. Transcription Services Us. (2016). http://www.transcription-services-us.com/ Language-Transcription-Rates.php.
[8]
2017. Accessibility | Android Developers. (2017). https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/ accessibility/index.html.
[9]
2017. Amazon Mechanical Turk. (2017). https://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome.
[10]
2017. AWS Developer Forums: MTurk CENSUS: About how many workers were on Mechanical Turk in 2010? (2017). https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread. jspa?threadID=58891.
[11]
2017. Be My Eyes Lend Your Eyes to the Blind. (2017). http://bemyeyes.com.
[12]
2017. CLOUD SPEECH API: Speech to text conversion powered by machine learning. (2017). https://cloud.google.com/speech/.
[13]
2017. CrowdFlower: AI for your business. (2017). https://www.crowdflower.com/.
[14]
2017a. Four Dollar Click | Earn Money by Viewing Ads. (2017). https://fourdollarclick.com/.
[15]
2017. H59: Using the link element and navigation tools | Techniques for WCAG 2.0. (2017). https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H59.html
[16]
2017. India Average Daily Wage Rate Forecast 2016--2020. (2017). http://www.tradingeconomics. com/india/wages/forecast.
[17]
2017. Jana. (2017). https://www.jana.com/.
[18]
2017. Labeling Regions Page Structure WAI Web Accessibility Tutorials. (2017). https://www.w3.org/ WAI/tutorials/page-structure/labels/.
[19]
2017. Liv.ai. (2017). https://liv.ai/.
[20]
2017. mSurvey. (2017). https://www.msurvey.co/.
[21]
2017. Paytm. (2017). https://paytm.com/.
[22]
2017b. Poverty & Equity Data | India | The World Bank. (2017). http: //povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND, urldate = 2016-09--30.
[23]
2017. Samasource. (2017). http://www.samasource.org/.
[24]
2017c. Two Dollar Click : Get Paid To Click. (2017). http: //www.twodollarclick.com/index.php?view=click.
[25]
2017. Using ARIA landmarks to identify regions of a page - WCAG WG. (2017). https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/wiki/Using_ARIA_landmarks_to_identify_regions_of_a_page
[26]
2017. WCAG Overview | Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) | W3C. (2017). https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.
[27]
2018. Babajob. (2018). http://www.babajob.com/.
[28]
2018. CGNet Swara. (2018). http://cgnetswara.org/.
[29]
2018. Gram Vaani. (2018). http://www.gramvaani.org/.
[30]
2018a. Hotlines & Helplines | National AIDS Control Organization | MoHFW | GoI. (2018). http://naco.gov.in/hotlines-helplines.
[31]
2018b. Kisan Call center. (2018). http://dackkms.gov.in.
[32]
2018c. Minimum Wages | Chief Labour Commissioner. (2018). http://clc.gov.in/clc/min-wages.
[33]
2018d. NCW::Helpline. (2018). http://ncw.nic.in/frmhelpline.aspx.
[34]
Jeffrey P. Bigham, Chandrika Jayant, Hanjie Ji, Greg Little, Andrew Miller, Robert C. Miller, Robin Miller, Aubrey Tatarowicz, Brandyn White, Samual White, and Tom Yeh. 2010. VizWiz: Nearly Real-time Answers to Visual Questions. In Proceedings of the 23Nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 333--342.
[35]
Erin Brady, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2015. Gauging Receptiveness to Social Microvolunteering. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1055--1064.
[36]
Erin Brady, Meredith Ringel Morris, Yu Zhong, Samuel White, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2013a. Visual Challenges in the Everyday Lives of Blind People. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2117--2126.
[37]
Erin L. Brady, Yu Zhong, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2013b. Investigating the Appropriateness of Social Network Question Asking As a Resource for Blind Users. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1225--1236.
[38]
V. Braun and V. Clarke. 2006. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77--101.
[39]
Stacy Butler, Adele Crudden, and William Sansing. 2005. Overcoming barriers to employment: Strategies of rehabilitation providers. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness (JVIB) 99, 06 (2005).
[40]
Anthony Candela and Karen Wolffe. 2002. A qualitative analysis of employers' experiences with visually impaired workers. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness (JVIB) 96, 09 (2002).
[41]
Adele Crudden, Lynn W McBroom, Amy L Skinner, and J Elton Moore. 1998. Comprehensive Examination of Barriers to Employment among Persons Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired. (1998).
[42]
Nathan Eagle. 2009. Txteagle: Mobile Crowdsourcing. In Proceedings of HCI International. Springer-Verlag.
[43]
Kristin Skeide Fuglerud, Ingvar Tjøstheim, Birkir Růnar Gunnarsson, and Morten Tollefsen. 2012. Use of Social Media by People with Visual Impairments: Usage Levels, Attitudes and Barriers. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part I (ICCHP'12). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 565--572.
[44]
Yashesh Gaur, Florian Metze, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2016. Manipulating Word Lattices to Incorporate Human Corrections. In INTERSPEECH.
[45]
Yvonne HH Goertz, Brigitte AG van Lierop, Inge Houkes, and Frans JN Nijhuis. 2010. Factors related to the employment of visually impaired persons: A systematic literature review. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 104, 7 (2010), 404.
[46]
Aakar Gupta, William Thies, Edward Cutrell, and Ravin Balakrishnan. 2012. mClerk: Enabling Mobile Crowdsourcing in Developing Regions. In Proceedings of CHI.
[47]
Rohit Khanna, Usha Raman, and Gullapalli N. Rao. 2007. Blindness and poverty in India: the way forward. Clinical & Experimental Optometry 90, 6 (Nov. 2007), 406--414.
[48]
Shashank Khanna, Aishwarya Ratan, James Davis, and William Thies. 2010. Evaluating and Improving the Usability of Mechanical Turk for Low-income Workers in India. In Proceedings of the First ACM Symposium on Computing for Development (ACM DEV '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 12:1--12:10.
[49]
Ramya Naraharisetti and Marcia C. Castro. 2016. Factors associated with persons with disability employment in India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 16 (Oct. 2016), 1063.
[50]
Prayag Narula, David Rolnitzky, and Bjoern Hartmann. 2011. MobileWorks: A Mobile Crowdsourcing Platform for Workers at the Bottom of the Pyramid. In In Proceedings of HCOMP.
[51]
Joyojeet Pal and Meera Lakshmanan. 2012. Assistive Technology and the Employment of People with Vision Impairments in India. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 307--317.
[52]
D. Pascolini and S. P. Mariotti. 2012. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. British Journal of Ophthalmology 96, 5 (May 2012), 614--618.
[53]
PD Rumrill and CM Scheff. 1997. Impact of the ADA on the employment and promotion of persons who are visually impaired. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine 6, 37 (1997), 311.
[54]
Alexander Shaw, Deborah Gold, and Karen Wolffe. 2007. Employment-Related Experiences of Youths Who Are Visually Impaired: How Are These Youths Faring? Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness v101 (Jan. 2007), 7--21.
[55]
Aditya Vashistha, Erin Brady, William Thies, and Edward Cutrell. 2014. Educational Content Creation and Sharing by Low-Income Visually Impaired People in India. In Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Symposium on Computing for Development (ACM DEV-5 '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 63--72.
[56]
Aditya Vashistha, Edward Cutrell, Nicola Dell, and Richard Anderson. 2015. Social Media Platforms for Low-Income Blind People in India. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 259--272.
[57]
Aditya Vashistha, Pooja Sethi, and Richard Anderson. 2017. Respeak: A Voice-based, Crowd-powered Speech Transcription System. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1855--1866.
[58]
Brian Wentz and Jonathan Lazar. 2011. Are Separate Interfaces Inherently Unequal?: An Evaluation with Blind Users of the Usability of Two Interfaces for a Social Networking Platform. In Proceedings of the 2011 iConference (iConference '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 91--97.
[59]
Yu Zhong, Walter S. Lasecki, Erin Brady, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2015. RegionSpeak: Quick Comprehensive Spatial Descriptions of Complex Images for Blind Users. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2353--2362.
[60]
Kathryn Zyskowski, Meredith Ringel Morris, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Mary L. Gray, and Shaun K. Kane. 2015. Accessible Crowdwork?: Understanding the Value in and Challenge of Microtask Employment for People with Disabilities. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1682--1693.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Digital Gig Work Under Unstable Energy Infrastructures: Invisible Workarounds and Alternative ImaginariesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36869498:CSCW2(1-26)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Cultivating Spoken Language Technologies for Unwritten LanguagesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642026(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2024)EmoSpeak: An Emotionally Intelligent Text-to-Speech System for Visually Impaired2024 International Conference on Advancements in Power, Communication and Intelligent Systems (APCI)10.1109/APCI61480.2024.10616666(1-6)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. BSpeak: An Accessible Voice-based Crowdsourcing Marketplace for Low-Income Blind People

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CHI '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 2018
    8489 pages
    ISBN:9781450356206
    DOI:10.1145/3173574
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 19 April 2018

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. accessibility
    2. crowdsourcing
    3. hci4d
    4. india
    5. voice

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    CHI '18
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    CHI '18 Paper Acceptance Rate 666 of 2,590 submissions, 26%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

    Upcoming Conference

    CHI 2025
    ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 26 - May 1, 2025
    Yokohama , Japan

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)50
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
    Reflects downloads up to 12 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Digital Gig Work Under Unstable Energy Infrastructures: Invisible Workarounds and Alternative ImaginariesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36869498:CSCW2(1-26)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
    • (2024)Cultivating Spoken Language Technologies for Unwritten LanguagesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642026(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
    • (2024)EmoSpeak: An Emotionally Intelligent Text-to-Speech System for Visually Impaired2024 International Conference on Advancements in Power, Communication and Intelligent Systems (APCI)10.1109/APCI61480.2024.10616666(1-6)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2024
    • (2023)Situating Automatic Speech Recognition Development within Communities of Under-heard Language SpeakersProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581385(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
    • (2022)NoteWordy: Investigating Touch and Speech Input on Smartphones for Personal Data CaptureProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35677346:ISS(568-591)Online publication date: 14-Nov-2022
    • (2022)Understanding the Microtask Crowdsourcing Experience for Workers with Disabilities: A Comparative ViewProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35551376:CSCW2(1-30)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2022
    • (2022)Opportunities and Challenges of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems for Low-Resource Language SpeakersProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3517639(1-17)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
    • (2022)Feeling Proud, Feeling Embarrassed: Experiences of Low-income Women with Crowd WorkProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3501834(1-18)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
    • (2022)Towards fair and pro-social employment of digital pieceworkers for sourcing machine learning training dataExtended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491101.3516384(1-9)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2022
    • (2022)BeParrot: Efficient Interface for Transcribing Unclear Speech via RespeakingProceedings of the 27th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces10.1145/3490099.3511164(832-840)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2022
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media