More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Computer Science Education in French Secondary Schools: Historical and Didactical Perspectives

Authors:

Georges-Louis Baron,

Beatrice Drot-Delange,

Monique Grandbastien,

Françoise TortAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), Volume 14, Issue 2

Article No.: 11, Pages 1 - 27

https://doi.org/10.1145/2602486

Published: 01 June 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Computer science as a school subject in France is characterized by a succession of promising starts that have not yet been transformed into perennial solutions. The main goal of this article is to analyze this complex situation from a historical perspective, and describe the current rebirth of an optional Computer Science course in the last year of secondary education, together with other initiatives that might contribute to introducing Computer Science as a school subject. We also aim at discussing some perspectives for the future to support a better informatics education for all students. The sources we have used are mainly historical and administrative, however we have also drawn on empirical research and surveys conducted since the seventies. This article therefore takes both retrospective and perspective viewpoints.

References

[1]

Serge Abiteboul. 2012. Sciences des données : de la logique du premier ordre à la Toile. In Les leçons inaugurales du Collège de France, S. Abiteboul Éd., Collège de France. http://lecons-cdf.revues.org/529.

[2]

AFDI. 1991. Actes du deuxième colloque francophone sur la didactique de l’informatique. Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, 30, 31 août et 1er septembre 1990. AFDI, Presses Universitaires de Namur, CeFIS, Namur.

[3]

AFDI. 1993. Actes de la troisième rencontre francophone de didactique de l’informatique. EPI, Paris. http://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00359968/fr/

[4]

AFDI. 1996. Les actes de la cinquième rencontre francophone sur la didactique de l’informatique. Imprimerie Officielle de la République Tunisienne, Tunis.

[5]

Michal Armoni. 2011. Looking at secondary teacher preparation through the lens of computer science. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 11, 4, 23:1--23:38.

Digital Library

[6]

Jacques Arsac. 1970. La Science informatique. Dunod, Paris.

[7]

Georges-Louis Baron. 1989. L’informatique, Discipline Scolaire? (Le Cas des Lycées). PUF, Paris.

[8]

Georges-Louis Baron, Jacques Baudé, and Philippe Cornu, Eds. 1989. Colloque francophone sur la didactique de l’informatique. EPI, Paris. http://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00374950/fr/.

[9]

Georges-Louis Baron and Éric Bruillard. 2008. Technologies de l’information et de la communication et indigènes numériques: quelle situation? STICEF - Sciences et technologies de l’information et de la communication pour l’éducation et la formation, 15. http://sticef.univ-lemans.fr/num/vol2008/09r-baron/sticef_2008_baron_09p.pdf.

[10]

Georges-Louis Baron and Éric Bruillard. 2011. L’informatique et son enseignement dans l’enseignement scolaire général français: enjeux de pouvoirs et de savoirs. In Recherches et expertises pour l’enseignement scientifique, J. Lebaume, A. Hasni and I. Harlé Eds., De Boeck, Brussels, 79--90.

[11]

Georges-Louis Baron and Pierre-Éric Mounier-Kuhn. 1990. Computer science at the CNRS and in French universities. A gradual institutional recognition. Ann. History Computing 12, 1, 79--87. http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/an/1990/02/man1990020079-abs.html.

Digital Library

[12]

Tim-Berners Lee, Daniel J. Weitzner, Wendy Hall, Kieron O’Hara, Nigel Shadbolt and James A. Hendler. 2006. A framework for web science. Found. Trends Web Sci. 1, 1, 1--130.

Digital Library

[13]

Éric Bruillard. 2010. Acteurs et territoires de l’éducation à l’information: un point de vue &Lt;informatique&Gt;. In L’éducation à la culture informationnelle, F. Chapron and E. Delamotte Eds., Presses de l’ENSSIB, Villeurbanne, 68--75.

[14]

Éric Bruillard, François-Marie Blondel and Françoise Tort. 2008. DidaTab project main results: implications for education and teacher development. Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference. 2014--2021.

[15]

Robert Cabane. 2011. Les enseignements du numérique en classe de Seconde. Bilan des expérimentations pédagogiques menées en 2009--2010. STICEF 18.

[16]

CERI-OCDE. 1971. L’enseignement de l’informatique à l’école secondaire. OCDE, Paris.

[17]

Jean-François Cerisier, Caroline Rizza, Bruno Devauchelle and Aurélien Nguyen. 2008. Former des jeunes à l’usage des médias numériques: heurs et malheurs du brevet informatique et internet (B2i) en France. Distances et Savoirs. Hors série. Lavoisier: Paris, 1--28.

[18]

Conseil national des programmes. 1990. Propositions du Conseil national des programmes sur l’évolution du lycée. Premier rapport. Ministère de l’Education nationale, de la Jeunesse et des Sports, Paris.

[19]

CSTA Standards Task Force. 2011. CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards. http://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/K12Standards.html.

[20]

Valentina Dagiene. 2008. Teaching information technology and elements of informatics in lower secondary schools: Curricula, didactic provision and implementation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics in Schools: Situation, Evolution and Perspectives (ISSEP’08). 293--304.

Digital Library

[21]

Valentina Dagiene and Gerald Futschek. 2008. Bebras international contest on informatics and computer literacy: Criteria for good tasks. In Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking, R. T. Mittermeir and M. M. Syslo Eds., Springer, 19--30.

Digital Library

[22]

Peter Denning. 2003. Great principles of computing. Commun. ACM 46, 11, 15--20.

Digital Library

[23]

Gilles Dowek. 2011a. Les quatre concepts de l’informatique. In Didapro 4 - Dida & STIC. Sciences et technologies de l’’information et de la communication (STIC) en milieu éducatif. Analyse de pratique et enjeux didactiques, G.-L. Baron, E. Bruillard and V. Komis Eds., New technologies editions, Athènes, 21--30.

[24]

Gilles Dowek. 2011b. Introduction à la science informatique: Pour les enseignants de la discipline en lycée. CRDP Académie de Paris, Paris.

[25]

Gilles Dowek, Jean-Pierre Archambault, Emmanuel Baccelli, et al. 2012. Informatique et sciences du numérique. Spécialité ISN en terminale S. Eyrolles, Paris.

[26]

Raymond Favre-Nicolin. 1989. Le tableur et l’option informatique: vers la programmation par objets. http://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00373776.

[27]

Jean-Pierre Finance and Jeanine Souquieres. 1985. A method and a language for constructing iterative programs. Sci. Computer Program. 5, 201--218.

[28]

Cédric Fluckiger. 2007. L’appropriation des TIC par les collégiens dans les sphères familières et scolaires. Ph.D. Dissertation. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Cachan, France. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/42/22/04/PDF/Fluckiger2007.pdf.

[29]

Cédric Fluckiger 2008. L’école à l’épreuve de la culture numérique des élèves. Revue française de pédagogie 163, 51--61.

[30]

Steve Furber. 2012. Shut down or restart? The way forward for computing in UK schools. Royal Society, London.

[31]

Monique Grandbastien. 1990. Les technologies nouvelles dans l’enseignement général et technique: situation au terme des années 80 et propositions d’orientations pour la décennie à venir; rapport au secrétaire d’Etat chargé de l’enseignement technique. La Documentation Française.

[32]

Natasa Grgurina and Jos Tolboom. 2008. The first decade of informatics in Dutch high schools. Informatics Educ. Int. J. 7, 1, 55--74.

[33]

Werner Hartmann, Michael Näf, and Raimond Reichert. 2012. Enseigner l’informatique. Springer.

[34]

Andrew B. Hoegh and Barbara M. Moskal. 2009. Examining science and engineering students’ attitudes toward computer science. In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE’09), 1--6.

Digital Library

[35]

Peter Hubwieser. 2012. Computer science education in secondary schools. The introduction of a new compulsory subject. Trans. Comput. Educ. 12, 4, 16:1--16:41.

Digital Library

[36]

Informatics Europe & ACM Europe Working Group. 2013. Informatics education: Europe cannot afford to miss the boat. http://europe.acm.org/iereport/ie.html.

[37]

Institut de France - Académie des sciences. 2013. Teaching computer science in France. Tomorrow can’t wait. http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/rapport/rads_0513gb.pdf.

[38]

Johannes Magenheim, Wolfgang Nelles, Thomas Rhode, Niclas Schaper, Sigrid Schubert and Peer Stechert. 2010. Competencies for informatics systems and modeling: Results of qualitative content analysis of expert interviews. Proceedings of the IEEE/Education Engineering. 513--521.

[39]

Peter Micheuz. 2005. 20 years of computers and informatics in Austria’s secondary academic schools. In From Computer Literacy to Informatics Fundamentals, Springer, 20--31.

Digital Library

[40]

Peter Micheuz. 2011. A competence-oriented approach to basic informatics education in Austria. In Informatics in Schools. Contributing to 21st Century Education, I. Kalaš and R. T. Mittermeir Eds., Springer, 43--55.

Digital Library

[41]

Ministère de l’Education Nationale. 2013. Repères et références statistiques. http://cache.media.education.gouv.fr/file/2013/49/9/DEPP-RERS-2013_266499.pdf, p. 247.

[42]

Barbara M. Moskal, Nathan Behrens, Mark Guzdial, Allison E. Tew, Wanda Dann and Steven Cooper. 2006. Computer science assessment instrument development: Evaluating attitudes and outcomes. In Proceedings of the STEM Assessment Conference. 194.

[43]

Noa Ragonis, Orit Hazzan and Judith Gal-Ezer. 2010. A survey of computer science teacher preparation programs in Israel tells us: Computer science deserves a designated high school teacher preparation! Proceedings of the 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. 401--405.

Digital Library

[44]

B. Scheepmaker and Karl L. Zinn. 1970. Papers of the First International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) World Conference on Computer Education. International Federation for Information Processing.

[45]

Jean-Claude Simon. 1980. L’éducation et l’informatisation de la société: rapport au président de la République. La Documentation française.

[46]

Monika Sieverding and Sabine C. Koch. 2009. (Self-)Evaluation of computer competence: How gender matters. Comput. Educ. 52, 3, 696--701.

Digital Library

[47]

Dorian Stoilescu and Gunawardena Egodawatte. 2010. Gender differences in the use of computers, programming, and peer interactions in computer science classrooms. Comput. Sci. Educ. 20, 4, 283--300.

[48]

Maciej M. Syslo and Anna Beata Kwiatkowska. 2005. Informatics versus information technology: How much informatics is needed to use information technology: a school perspective. From Computer Literacy to informatics Fundamentals, Springer, 178--188.

Digital Library

[49]

Françoise Tort, François-Marie Blondel, and Éric Bruillard. 2008. Spreadsheet knowledge and skills of French secondary school students. In Informatics Education: Supporting Computational Thinking, R. T. Mittermeir and M. M. Syslo Eds., Springer, 305--316.

Digital Library

[50]

Françoise Tort and Béatrice Drot-Delange. 2013. Informatics in the French secondary curricula: Recent moves and perspectives. In Informatics in Schools. Sustainable Informatics Education for Pupils of all Ages, I. Diethelm and R. T. Mittermeir Eds., Springer, 31--42.

Digital Library

[51]

Allen B. Tucker. 2010. K-12 computer science: Aspirations, realities, and challenges. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics in Schools: Situation, Evolution and Perspectives (ISSEP’10), J. Hromkovič, R. Královič, and J. Vahrenhold Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5941, Springer. 22--34.

Digital Library

[52]

Tom J. van Weert. 1998. Informatics for Secondary Education: The UNESCO/IFIP curriculum as a resource for developed and developing countries. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Capacity Building for IT in Education in Developing Countries. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, UK, 275--288.

Digital Library

[53]

Jeannette M. Wing. 2006. Computational thinking. Commun. ACM 49, 3, 33--35.

Digital Library

Cited By

Huang K(2024)COMPUTER EDUCATION REFORM IN TAIWANNatural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS)10.48127/gu/24.30.1430:1(14-23)Online publication date: 28-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.48127/gu/24.30.14
Muratet M(2023)How to Characterize and Analyze the Computational Thinking Skills of a Learning Game?Responsive and Sustainable Educational Futures10.1007/978-3-031-42682-7_18(263-277)Online publication date: 28-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42682-7_18
Özçınar H(2022)A Brief Discussion on Incentives and Barriers to Computational Thinking EducationResearch Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch012(253-269)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch012
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Computer Science Education in French Secondary Schools: Historical and Didactical Perspectives
1. Social and professional topics
  1. Professional topics
    1. Computing education
      1. Computing education programs
        Computer science education
      2. Model curricula

Recommendations

Computer science/informatics in secondary education
ITiCSE-WGR '11: Proceedings of the 16th annual conference reports on Innovation and technology in computer science education - working group reports

Computer Science (CS) Education research, specifically when focusing on secondary education, faces the difficulty of regionally differing political, legal, or curricular constraints. To date, many different studies exist that document the specific ...
Computer Science Education in Secondary Schools -- The Introduction of a New Compulsory Subject

In 2004 the German state of Bavaria introduced a new compulsory subject of computer science (CS) in its grammar schools (Gymnasium). The subject is based on a comprehensive teaching concept that was developed by the author and his colleagues during the ...
Looking at Secondary Teacher Preparation Through the Lens of Computer Science

Teaching computer science (CS) in high schools, rather than just programming or even computer literacy, is important as a means of introducing students to the true nature of CS, and enhancing their problem-solving skills. Since teachers are the key to ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Computing Education

ACM Transactions on Computing Education Volume 14, Issue 2

Special Issue on Computing Education in (K-12) Schools

June 2014

180 pages

EISSN:1946-6226

DOI:10.1145/2642651

Editors:
Robert McCartney
University of Connecticut, USA
,
Josh Tenenberg
University of Washington–Tacoma, USA

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2014 ACM.

© 2014 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of a national government. As such, the Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 June 2014

Accepted: 01 April 2014

Revised: 01 March 2014

Received: 01 March 2013

Published in TOCE Volume 14, Issue 2

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

16
Total Citations
View Citations
643
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)19
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 20 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Huang K(2024)COMPUTER EDUCATION REFORM IN TAIWANNatural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS)10.48127/gu/24.30.1430:1(14-23)Online publication date: 28-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.48127/gu/24.30.14
Muratet M(2023)How to Characterize and Analyze the Computational Thinking Skills of a Learning Game?Responsive and Sustainable Educational Futures10.1007/978-3-031-42682-7_18(263-277)Online publication date: 28-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42682-7_18
Özçınar H(2022)A Brief Discussion on Incentives and Barriers to Computational Thinking EducationResearch Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch012(253-269)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch012
Oleson AXie BSalac JEverson JKivuva FKo A(2022)A Decade of Demographics in Computing Education Research: A Critical Review of Trends in Collection, Reporting, and UseProceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 110.1145/3501385.3543967(323-343)Online publication date: 3-Aug-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3501385.3543967
Connolly CByrne JOldham E(2022)The trajectory of computer science education policy in Ireland: A document analysis narrativeEuropean Journal of Education10.1111/ejed.12507Online publication date: 25-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12507
Montiel HGomez-Zermeño M(2021)Educational Challenges for Computational Thinking in K–12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review of “Scratch” as an Innovative Programming ToolComputers10.3390/computers1006006910:6(69)Online publication date: 21-May-2021
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10060069
Kirk DCrow TLuxton-Reilly ATempero ELuxton-Reilly ASzabo C(2020)On Assuring Learning About Code QualityProceedings of the Twenty-Second Australasian Computing Education Conference10.1145/3373165.3373175(86-94)Online publication date: 3-Feb-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3373165.3373175
Juškevičienė APassey D(2020)Computing Education, Outcomes ofEncyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_89(437-450)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_89
Juškevičienė APassey D(2019)Computing Education, Outcomes ofEncyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_89-1(1-14)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_89-1
Özçınar H(2018)A Brief Discussion on Incentives and Barriers to Computational Thinking EducationTeaching Computational Thinking in Primary Education10.4018/978-1-5225-3200-2.ch001(1-17)Online publication date: 2018
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3200-2.ch001
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents