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Comparison of paper and computer displays in reading including frequent movement between pages

Published: 02 December 2014 Publication History

Abstract

This paper describes experiments to compare reading with paper versus electronic media when reading with frequently moving back and forth between pages. In the first experiment, eighteen participants read aloud multi-page documents with endnotes in three conditions: paper, a large display, and a small display. Results revealed that reading from paper was 6.8% faster than reading from a large computer display and 11.4% faster than reading from a small computer display. Detailed analyses of the reading process showed that participants performed both reading and page-turning simultaneously in the paper condition. However, when using computer displays, reading and turning pages were performed separately. In the second experiment, 12 participants read documents using electronic system with more effective features for page-turning such as an overview of pages and links from reference symbols to notes. However, paper remained the most efficient medium to support reading with endnotes. This indicates that electronic media should be improved to support between-page navigation.

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    OzCHI '14: Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: the Future of Design
    December 2014
    689 pages
    ISBN:9781450306539
    DOI:10.1145/2686612
    • Conference Chair:
    • Tuck Leong
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    • U1: U1 PTY LTD
    • IDHuP: Interaction Design and Human Practice Lab
    • UTS-HCTDRS: The UTS Human Centred Technology Design Research Strength
    • CSIRO
    • QUT
    • HFESA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc.
    • University of Technology Sydney
    • IDF: The Interaction Design Foundation
    • CHISIG: Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group, Human Factors & Ergonomics Society of Australia

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    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 02 December 2014

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    Author Tags

    1. electronic media
    2. ergonomics
    3. page turning
    4. paper
    5. reading

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    OzCHI '14
    Sponsor:
    • U1
    • IDHuP
    • UTS-HCTDRS
    • HFESA
    • IDF
    • CHISIG
    OzCHI '14: the Future of Design
    December 2 - 5, 2014
    New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

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    OzCHI '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 85 of 176 submissions, 48%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 362 of 729 submissions, 50%

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    • (2020)Discussion and ProposalsWhy Digital Displays Cannot Replace Paper10.1007/978-981-15-9476-2_8(155-178)Online publication date: 12-Nov-2020
    • (2020)Effects of Operability on ReadingWhy Digital Displays Cannot Replace Paper10.1007/978-981-15-9476-2_5(43-110)Online publication date: 12-Nov-2020
    • (2019)SpaceInk: Making Space for In-Context AnnotationsProceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3332165.3347934(871-882)Online publication date: 17-Oct-2019
    • (2017)A Paper Book Type Input Device for Page Navigation in Digital DocumentsIEICE Transactions on Electronics10.1587/transele.E100.C.984E100.C:11(984-991)Online publication date: 2017
    • (2016)SATS: Structure-Aware Touch-Based ScrollingETRI Journal10.4218/etrij.16.2716.001738:6(1104-1113)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016
    • (2016)[Paper] A Proposal of Future Electronic Paper in the OfficeITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications10.3169/mta.4.3084:4(308-315)Online publication date: 2016
    • (2015)Page Navigation on Paper Books and Electronic Media in Reading to Answer QuestionsProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction10.1145/2838739.2838747(526-534)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2015
    • (2015)Effects of paper on cross-reference reading for multiple documentsProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction10.1145/2838739.2838745(497-505)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2015
    • (2015)Text Touching Effects in Active Reading: The Impact of the Use of a Touch-Based Tablet DeviceHuman-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 201510.1007/978-3-319-22701-6_41(559-576)Online publication date: 30-Aug-2015

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