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Sentinel: occupancy based HVAC actuation using existing WiFi infrastructure within commercial buildings

Authors:

Bharathan Balaji,

Anthony Nwokafor,

Yuvraj AgarwalAuthors Info & Claims

SenSys '13: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

Article No.: 17, Pages 1 - 14

https://doi.org/10.1145/2517351.2517370

Published: 11 November 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Commercial buildings contribute to 19% of the primary energy consumption in the US, with HVAC systems accounting for 39.6% of this usage. To reduce HVAC energy use, prior studies have proposed using wireless occupancy sensors or even cameras for occupancy based actuation showing energy savings of up to 42%. However, most of these solutions require these sensors and the associated network to be designed, deployed, tested and maintained within existing buildings which is significantly costly.

We present Sentinel, a system that leverages existing WiFi infrastructure in commercial buildings along with smartphones with WiFi connectivity carried by building occupants to provide fine-grained occupancy based HVAC actuation. We have implemented Sentinel on top of RESTful web services, and demonstrate that it is scalable and compatible with legacy building management. We show that Sentinel accurately determines the occupancy in office spaces 86% of the time, with 6.2% false negative errors. We high-light the reasons for the inaccuracies, mostly attributed to aggressive power management by smartphones. Finally, we actuate 23% of the HVAC zones within a commercial building using Sentinel for one day and measure HVAC electrical energy savings of 17.8%.

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Cited By

Hobson BMarkus ABursill JBurak Gunay HDarwazeh DO’Neill Z(2025)Implementation of next-generation occupant-centric sequences of operation in an office building using supervisory controlEnergy and Buildings10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115087327(115087)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115087
Qaisar ILiang WSun KXing TZhao Q(2025)An experimental comparative study of energy saving based on occupancy-centric control in smart buildingsBuilding and Environment10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112322268(112322)Online publication date: Jan-2025
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https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177249
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cover image ACM Conferences

SenSys '13: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems

November 2013

443 pages

ISBN:9781450320276

DOI:10.1145/2517351

General Chair:
Chiara Petrioli
University of Rome `La Sapienza'
,
Program Chairs:
Landon Cox
Duke University
,
Kamin Whitehouse
University of Virginia

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

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Published: 11 November 2013

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SenSys '13: The 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems

November 11 - 15, 2013

Roma, Italy

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SenSys '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 21 of 123 submissions, 17%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 174 of 867 submissions, 20%

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Cited By

Hobson BMarkus ABursill JBurak Gunay HDarwazeh DO’Neill Z(2025)Implementation of next-generation occupant-centric sequences of operation in an office building using supervisory controlEnergy and Buildings10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115087327(115087)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115087
Qaisar ILiang WSun KXing TZhao Q(2025)An experimental comparative study of energy saving based on occupancy-centric control in smart buildingsBuilding and Environment10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112322268(112322)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112322
Elkabalawy MAl-Sakkaf AMohammed Abdelkader EAlfalah G(2024)CRISP-DM-Based Data-Driven Approach for Building Energy Prediction Utilizing Indoor and Environmental FactorsSustainability10.3390/su1617724916:17(7249)Online publication date: 23-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177249
Abuhussain MAlotaibi BDodo YMaghrabi AAliero M(2024)Multimodal Framework for Smart Building Occupancy DetectionSustainability10.3390/su1610417116:10(4171)Online publication date: 16-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104171
Wei ZZhou ZYu SChen J(2024)Enhanced Indoor Positioning Using RSSI and Time-Distributed Auto Encoder-Gated Recurrent Unit ModelSensors10.3390/s2415481524:15(4815)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
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Ożadowicz A(2024)Generic IoT for Smart Buildings and Field-Level Automation—Challenges, Threats, Approaches, and SolutionsComputers10.3390/computers1302004513:2(45)Online publication date: 3-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13020045
Ravi AWeerakoon DMisra A(2024)OcAPO: Fine-grained occupancy-aware, empirically-driven PDC control in open-plan, shared workspacesPervasive and Mobile Computing10.1016/j.pmcj.2024.101945103(101945)Online publication date: Oct-2024
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Han LFeng HLiu GZhang AHan T(2024)A real-time intelligent monitoring method for indoor evacuee distribution based on deep learning and spatial divisionJournal of Building Engineering10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109764(109764)Online publication date: May-2024
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