research-article

Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam

Authors:

Laura Sesma,

Arantxa Villanueva,

Rafael CabezaAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

Pages 217 - 220

https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598

Published: 28 March 2012 Publication History

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Abstract

Low cost eye tracking is an actual challenging research topic for the eye tracking community. Gaze tracking based on a web cam and without infrared light is a searched goal to broaden the applications of eye tracking systems. Web cam based eye tracking results in new challenges to solve such as a wider field of view and a lower image quality. In addition, no infrared light implies that glints cannot be used anymore as a tracking feature. In this paper, a thorough study has been carried out to evaluate pupil (iris) center-eye corner (PC-EC) vector as feature for gaze estimation based on interpolation methods in low cost eye tracking, as it is considered to be partially equivalent to the pupil center-corneal reflection (PC-CR) vector. The analysis is carried out both based on simulated and real data. The experiments show that eye corner positions in the image move slightly when the user is looking at different points of the screen, even with a static head position. This lowers the possible accuracy of the gaze estimation, significantly reducing the accuracy of the system under standard working conditions to 2--3 degrees.

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Shen KLi YGuo ZGao JWu Y(2024)Model-Based 3D Gaze Estimation Using a TOF CameraSensors10.3390/s2404107024:4(1070)Online publication date: 6-Feb-2024
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https://doi.org/10.1109/I4C62240.2024.10748433
Qian KArichi TEdwards AHajnal J(2024)Instant interaction driven adaptive gaze control interfaceScientific Reports10.1038/s41598-024-62365-914:1Online publication date: 22-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62365-9
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Index Terms

Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices
      1. Touch screens

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 2012

420 pages

ISBN:9781450312219

DOI:10.1145/2168556

Conference Chairs:
Carlos H. Morimoto
University of São Paulo, Brazil
,
Howell Istance
Montfort University, UK
,
Editor:
Stephen N. Spencer
University of Washington
,
Program Chairs:
Jeffrey B. Mulligan
NASA
,
Pernilla Qvarfordt
FX Palo Alto

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 March 2012

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ETRA '12

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ETRA '12: Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 28 - 30, 2012

California, Santa Barbara

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Cited By

View all

Shen KLi YGuo ZGao JWu Y(2024)Model-Based 3D Gaze Estimation Using a TOF CameraSensors10.3390/s2404107024:4(1070)Online publication date: 6-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041070
Gowda MTalasila VRaafay Umar SAlva R(2024)A Multimodal Approach to Detect Driver Drowsiness2024 5th International Conference on Circuits, Control, Communication and Computing (I4C)10.1109/I4C62240.2024.10748433(554-559)Online publication date: 4-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/I4C62240.2024.10748433
Qian KArichi TEdwards AHajnal J(2024)Instant interaction driven adaptive gaze control interfaceScientific Reports10.1038/s41598-024-62365-914:1Online publication date: 22-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62365-9
Ahn HJeon JKo DGwak JJeon M(2023)Contactless Real-Time Eye Gaze-Mapping System Based on Simple Siamese NetworksApplied Sciences10.3390/app1309537413:9(5374)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095374
Balim HPark SWang XZhang XHilliges O(2023)EFE: End-to-end Frame-to-Gaze Estimation2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)10.1109/CVPRW59228.2023.00269(2688-2697)Online publication date: Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW59228.2023.00269
Kaur HJindal SManduchi R(2022)Rethinking Model-Based Gaze EstimationProceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques10.1145/35307975:2(1-17)Online publication date: 17-May-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3530797
Sabab SKabir MHussain SMahmud HRubaiyeat HHasan M(2022)VIS-iTrack: Visual Intention Through Gaze Tracking Using Low-Cost WebcamIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2022.318796910(70779-70792)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3187969
Larumbe-Bergera AGarde GPorta SCabeza RVillanueva A(2021)Accurate Pupil Center Detection in Off-the-Shelf Eye Tracking Systems Using Convolutional Neural NetworksSensors10.3390/s2120684721:20(6847)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2021
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Shehu IWang YAthuman AFu X(2021)Remote Eye Gaze Tracking Research: A Comparative Evaluation on Past and Recent ProgressElectronics10.3390/electronics1024316510:24(3165)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2021
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Joo HKo MSong H(2021)OSTGazeNet: One-stage Trainable 2D Gaze Estimation Network2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)10.1109/ICTC52510.2021.9620812(1137-1139)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2021
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Calibration fixation points that enable accurate gaze estimation with pupil image capturing camera installed almost next to eye: Calibration fixation points with camera installed almost next to eye