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Measuring gaze depth with an eye tracker during stereoscopic display

Authors:

Andrew T. Duchowski,

Brandon Pelfrey,

Donald H. House,

Rui WangAuthors Info & Claims

APGV '11: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization

Pages 15 - 22

https://doi.org/10.1145/2077451.2077454

Published: 27 August 2011 Publication History

Abstract

While determining 2D gaze position using eye tracking is common practice, the efficacy of using eye tracking to measure 3D gaze point in a stereoscopic display has not been carefully studied. In this paper we explore this issue using a custom Wheatstone stereoscope augmented with an eye tracker. In a pilot study, we showed that there is strong evidence that eye vergence measurements do, in fact, track the depth component of the 3D stereo gaze point. In a subsequent full study, we compare depth estimation for a scene viewed in four different ways: without either stereo or motion parallax, without stereo but with motion parallax, with stereo but without motion parallax, and with both stereo and motion parallax. We show a significant effect related to depth from eye vergence for both of the stereo cases, but no effect for the monoscopic cases. Since depth from vergence is very noisy, we use a Butterworth filter to smooth the data and show that this greatly improves the stability of the depth reading without significant lag or loss in accuracy. We also demonstrate that using quadratic regression to perform a depth calibration can greatly improve the accuracy of the depth measurement.

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Cited By

McAnally KGrove PWallis G(2024)Vergence eye movements in virtual realityDisplays10.1016/j.displa.2024.10268383(102683)Online publication date: Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2024.102683
Urbas LPelzer FLorenz SHerlitzius T(2024)Förderlicher Entwurf cyber-physischer ProduktionssystemeHandbuch Industrie 4.010.1007/978-3-662-58528-3_132(189-223)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58528-3_132
Wagner PHo AKim J(2022)Estimating 3D spatiotemporal point of regard: a device evaluationJournal of the Optical Society of America A10.1364/JOSAA.45766339:8(1343)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.457663
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Measuring gaze depth with an eye tracker during stereoscopic display
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation
    2. Rendering
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Accessibility
  2. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

APGV '11: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization

August 2011

128 pages

ISBN:9781450308892

DOI:10.1145/2077451

Conference Chairs:
Rachel McDonnell
Trinity College Dublin
,
Simon Thorpe
Université Toulouse 3
,
Editor:
Stephen N. Spencer
University of Washington
,
Program Chairs:
Diego Gutierrez
Universidad de Zaragoza
,
Martin Giese
University of Tübingen

Copyright © 2011 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 August 2011

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National Science Foundation

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APGV '11

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SIGGRAPH

APGV '11: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics & Visualization 2011

August 27 - 28, 2011

Toulouse, France

Acceptance Rates

APGV '11 Paper Acceptance Rate 19 of 33 submissions, 58%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 19 of 33 submissions, 58%

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Cited By

McAnally KGrove PWallis G(2024)Vergence eye movements in virtual realityDisplays10.1016/j.displa.2024.10268383(102683)Online publication date: Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2024.102683
Urbas LPelzer FLorenz SHerlitzius T(2024)Förderlicher Entwurf cyber-physischer ProduktionssystemeHandbuch Industrie 4.010.1007/978-3-662-58528-3_132(189-223)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58528-3_132
Wagner PHo AKim J(2022)Estimating 3D spatiotemporal point of regard: a device evaluationJournal of the Optical Society of America A10.1364/JOSAA.45766339:8(1343)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.457663
Arefin MSwan II JCohen Hoffing RThurman S(2022)Estimating Perceptual Depth Changes with Eye Vergence and Interpupillary Distance using an Eye Tracker in Virtual Reality2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3517031.3529632(1-7)Online publication date: 8-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517031.3529632
Sun JWu ZWang HJing PLiu Y(2022)A Novel Integrated Eye-Tracking System with Stereo Stimuli for 3D Gaze EstimationIEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement10.1109/TIM.2022.3225009(1-1)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2022.3225009
Urbas LPelzer FLorenz SHerlitzius T(2022)Förderlicher Entwurf cyber-physischer ProduktionssystemeHandbuch Industrie 4.010.1007/978-3-662-45537-1_132-1(1-36)Online publication date: 15-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45537-1_132-1
Wang ZZhang AXia XZhang SLi HWang JGao S(2021)A Visual Feedback Supported Intelligent Assistive Technique for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis PatientsAdvanced Intelligent Systems10.1002/aisy.2021000974:4Online publication date: 10-Dec-2021
https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100097
Oney SRodrigues NBecher MErtl TReina GSedlmair MWeiskopf D(2020)Evaluation of Gaze Depth Estimation from Eye Tracking in Augmented RealityACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3379156.3391835(1-5)Online publication date: 2-Jun-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3379156.3391835
Mardanbegi DClarke CGellersen HKrejtz KSharif B(2019)Monocular gaze depth estimation using the vestibulo-ocular reflexProceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/3314111.3319822(1-9)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3314111.3319822
Mardanbegi DLanglotz TGellersen HBrewster SFitzpatrick GCox AKostakos V(2019)Resolving Target Ambiguity in 3D Gaze Interaction through VOR Depth EstimationProceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3290605.3300842(1-12)Online publication date: 2-May-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300842
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