More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Imperceptible relaxation of collision avoidance constraints in virtual crowds

Authors:

Anne-Hélène Olivierxs,

Julien PettréAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Volume 30, Issue 6

Pages 1 - 10

https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024172

Published: 12 December 2011 Publication History

Abstract

The performance of an interactive virtual crowd system for entertainment purposes can be greatly improved by setting a level-of-details (LOD) strategy: in distant areas, collision avoidance can even be stealthy disabled to drastically speed-up simulation and to handle huge crowds. The greatest difficulty is then to select LODs to progressively simplify simulation in an imperceptible but efficient manner. The main objective of this work is to experimentally evaluate spectators' ability to detect the presence of collisions in simulations. Factors related to the conditions of observation and simulation are studied, such as the camera angles, distance to camera, level of interpenetration or crowd density. Our main contribution is to provide a LOD selection function resulting from two perceptual studies allowing crowd system designers to scale a simulation by relaxing the collision avoidance constraint in a least perceptible manner. The relaxation of this constraint is an important source for computational resources savings. Our results reveal several misconceptions in previously used LOD selection functions and suggest yet unexplored variables to be considered. We demonstrate our function efficiency over several evaluation scenarios.

Supplementary Material

JPG File (a138-kulpa.jpg)

Download
13.37 KB

MP4 File (a138-kulpa.mp4)

Download
102.55 MB

References

[1]

Burstedde, C., Klauck, K., Schadschneider, A., and Zittartz, J. 2001. Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 295, 3--4, 507--525.

[2]

Dobbyn, S., Hamill, J., O'Conor, K., and O'Sullivan, C. 2005. Geopostors: a real-time geometry/impostor crowd rendering system. Proc. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games.

Digital Library

[3]

Helbing, D., and Molnar, P. 1995. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E 51, 4282.

[4]

Hillaire, S., Breton, G., Ouarti, N., Cozot, R., and Lécuyer, A. 2010. Using a Visual Attention Model to Improve Gaze Tracking Systems in Interactive 3D Applications. Computer Graphics Forum 19 (6), 1830--1841.

[5]

Kapadia, M., Singh, S., Allen, B., Reinman, G., and Faloutsos, P. 2009. Steerbug: an interactive framework for specifying and detecting steering behaviors. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation.

Digital Library

[6]

Kistler, F., Wissner, M., and André, E. 2010. Level of detail based behavior control for virtual characters. In Intelligent Virtual Agents, vol. 6356 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 118--124.

Digital Library

[7]

Maury, B., Roudneff Chupin, A., and Santambrogio, F. 2010. A macroscopic crowd motion model of gradient flow type. Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 20, 10, 1787--1821.

[8]

McDonnell, R., Dobbyn, S., and O'Sullivan, C. 2005. LOD Human Representations: A Comparative Study. In Int. Workshop on Crowd Simulation (V-CROWDS'05), 101--115.

[9]

McDonnell, R., Larkin, M., Dobbyn, S., Collins, S., and O'Sullivan, C. 2008. Clone attack! perception of crowd variety. ACM Transactions on Graphics 25 (3).

Digital Library

[10]

McDonnell, R., Larkin, M., Hernández, B., Rudomin, I., and O'Sullivan, C. 2009. Eye-catching crowds: saliency based selective variation. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, 1--10.

Digital Library

[11]

McHugh, J., McDonnell, R., Newell, F. N., and O'Sullivan, C. 2010. Perceiving emotion in crowds: the role of dynamic body postures on the perception of emotion in crowded scenes. Experimental Brain Research 204 (3), 361--372.

[12]

Narain, R., Golas, A., Curtis, S., and Lin, M. 2009. Aggregate dynamics for dense crowd simulation. In SIGGRAPH Asia '09: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers.

Digital Library

[13]

Niederberger, C., and Gross, M. 2005. Level-of-detail for cognitive real-time characters. Visual Computer 21, 188--202.

Digital Library

[14]

Paris, S., Pettré, J., and Donikian, S. 2007. Pedestrian reactive navigation for crowd simulation: a predictive approach. Eurographics'07: Computer Graphics Forum 26, (3), 665--674.

[15]

Paris, S., Gerdelan, A., and O'Sullivan, C. 2009. Calod: Collision avoidance level of detail for scalable, controllable crowds. Proc. International Workshop on Motion in Games.

Digital Library

[16]

Pettré, J., Ciechomski, P. d. H., Mäim, J., Yersin, B., Laumond, J.-P., and Thalmann, D. 2006. Real-time navigating crowds: scalable simulation and rendering: Casa 2006 research articles. Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds 17, 445--455.

Digital Library

[17]

Pettré, J., Ondřej, J., Olivier, A.-H., Crétual, A., and Donikian, S. 2009. Experiment-based modeling, simulation and validation of interactions between virtual walkers. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. on Computer Animation.

Digital Library

[18]

Reynolds, C. W. 1987. Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model. In SIGGRAPH '87: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 25--34.

Digital Library

[19]

Samet, H. 2005. Foundations of Multidimensional and Metric Data Structures. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.

Digital Library

[20]

Sud, A., Andersen, E., Curtis, S., Lin, M., and Manocha, D. 2008. Real-time path planning for virtual agents in dynamic environments. ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes.

Digital Library

[21]

Tecchia, F., Loscos, C., and Chrysanthou, Y. 2002. Image-based crowd rendering. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 22 (March), 36--43.

Digital Library

[22]

Treuille, A., Cooper, S., and Popović, Z. 2006. Continuum crowds. ACM Trans. on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2006) 25 (3).

Digital Library

[23]

van den Berg, J., Patil, S., Sewall, J., Manocha, D., and Lin, M. 2008. Interactive navigation of individual agents in crowded environments. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (I3D 2008).

Digital Library

[24]

Yersin, B., Mäim, J., Pettré, J., and Thalmann, D. 2009. Crowd patches: populating large-scale virtual environments for real-time applications. Proc. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and games, 207--214.

Digital Library

Cited By

BARUT Ö(2024)Kalabalık Benzetimlerinde Küçük Gruplar için GPU Tabanlı Çarpışmasız Doğrusal Gezinge OluşturulmasıGPU-Based Collision-Free Linear Trajectory Generation for Small Groups in Crowd SimulationsPoliteknik Dergisi10.2339/politeknik.140900627:1(407-417)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1409006
Gomez-Nogales GPrieto-Martin MRomero CComino-Trinidad MRamon-Prieto POlivier AHoyet LOtaduy MPettre JCasas D(2024)Resolving Collisions in Dense 3D Crowd AnimationsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368726643:5(1-14)Online publication date: 6-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687266
Adili RNiay BZibrek KOlivier APettré JHoyet L(2021)Perception of Motion Variations in Large-Scale Virtual Human CrowdsProceedings of the 14th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction and Games10.1145/3487983.3488288(1-7)Online publication date: 10-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3487983.3488288
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Imperceptible relaxation of collision avoidance constraints in virtual crowds
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Rendering
      1. Reflectance modeling

Recommendations

Imperceptible relaxation of collision avoidance constraints in virtual crowds
SA '11: Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference

The performance of an interactive virtual crowd system for entertainment purposes can be greatly improved by setting a level-of-details (LOD) strategy: in distant areas, collision avoidance can even be stealthy disabled to drastically speed-up ...
A Review of Collision Avoidance Technique for Crowd Simulation
ICIMT '09: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology

Crowd systems are widely being exploited in a number of virtual environment applications such as games, virtual world and entertainment. These kinds of applications can provide the immersive feeling into the static scenes and therefore enhancing the ...
Generalized reciprocal collision avoidance

Reciprocal collision avoidance has become a popular area of research over recent years. Approaches have been developed for a variety of dynamic systems ranging from single integrators to car-like, differential-drive, and arbitrary, linear equations of ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics

ACM Transactions on Graphics Volume 30, Issue 6

December 2011

678 pages

ISSN:0730-0301

EISSN:1557-7368

DOI:10.1145/2070781

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2011 ACM.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 12 December 2011

Published in TOG Volume 30, Issue 6

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

25
Total Citations
View Citations
793
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)4
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 12 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

BARUT Ö(2024)Kalabalık Benzetimlerinde Küçük Gruplar için GPU Tabanlı Çarpışmasız Doğrusal Gezinge OluşturulmasıGPU-Based Collision-Free Linear Trajectory Generation for Small Groups in Crowd SimulationsPoliteknik Dergisi10.2339/politeknik.140900627:1(407-417)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1409006
Gomez-Nogales GPrieto-Martin MRomero CComino-Trinidad MRamon-Prieto POlivier AHoyet LOtaduy MPettre JCasas D(2024)Resolving Collisions in Dense 3D Crowd AnimationsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368726643:5(1-14)Online publication date: 6-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687266
Adili RNiay BZibrek KOlivier APettré JHoyet L(2021)Perception of Motion Variations in Large-Scale Virtual Human CrowdsProceedings of the 14th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction and Games10.1145/3487983.3488288(1-7)Online publication date: 10-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3487983.3488288
Daniel BMarques RHoyet LPettré JBlat J(2021)A Perceptually-Validated Metric for Crowd Trajectory Quality EvaluationProceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques10.1145/34801364:3(1-18)Online publication date: 27-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3480136
Xu MLi CLv PChen WDeng ZZhou BManocha D(2021)Emotion-Based Crowd Simulation Model Based on Physical Strength Consumption for Emergency ScenariosIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems10.1109/TITS.2020.300060722:11(6977-6991)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TITS.2020.3000607
Liu CLiu ZChai YLiu T(2020)Review of Virtual Traffic Simulation and Its ApplicationsJournal of Advanced Transportation10.1155/2020/82376492020(1-9)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8237649
Bi HMao TWang ZDeng Z(2020)A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Intersectional Traffic Simulation and EditingIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2018.288983426:7(2335-2348)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2889834
Yang SLi TGong XPeng BHu J(2020)A review on crowd simulation and modelingGraphical Models10.1016/j.gmod.2020.101081111(101081)Online publication date: Sep-2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2020.101081
Xu MXie XLv PNiu JWang HLi CZhu RDeng ZZhou B(2019)Crowd Behavior Simulation With Emotional Contagion in Unexpected Multihazard SituationsIEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems10.1109/TSMC.2019.2899047(1-15)Online publication date: 2019
https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2019.2899047
Chen LJung CMusse SMoneimne MWang CFruchter RBazjanac VChen GBadler N(2018)Crowd simulation incorporating thermal environments and responsive behaviorsPresence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments10.1162/PRES_a_0030826:4(436-452)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1162/PRES_a_00308
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents