More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Evaluating reading and analysis tasks on mobile devices: a case study of tilt and flick scrolling

Authors:

Stephen Fitchett,

Andy CockburnAuthors Info & Claims

OZCHI '09: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7

Pages 225 - 232

https://doi.org/10.1145/1738826.1738863

Published: 23 November 2009 Publication History

Abstract

Flick scrolling is a natural scrolling method for mobile touch devices such as the iPhone™. It is useful not only for its performance but perhaps even more so for its ease of use and user experience. Tilt scrolling instead uses the device's tilt to determine the rate of scrolling, which offers several potential interaction advantages over touch sensitive alternatives: scrolling can be achieved without occluding a large proportion of the screen with a hand, finger, or thumb; it frees drag input events for other important actions such as text selection and drag-and-drop; and it works regardless of the hand's state (e.g. moist or gloved). Although previously described, the performance of tilt scrolling has not been compared to flick scrolling, which is now the state of the art. Furthermore, it is unclear how such an empirical comparison should be conducted. To better understand interaction with mobile scrolling, we propose a new method of evaluating scrolling interfaces in the context of reading or analysis tasks. These activities typically involve slow subtle scroll movements rather than large movements typical investigated in most scrolling evaluations. We use this method to thoroughly compare flick scrolling and tilt scrolling. We show that tilt scrolling results in better performance for tasks performed while stationary while there is no significant difference while moving. However, we find that participants prefer flick scrolling and walk faster when completing moving tasks with flick scrolling than tilt scrolling.

References

[1]

Alexander, J., Cockburn, A., Fitchett, S., Gutwin, C. & Greenberg, S. (2009), Revisiting read wear: analysis, design, and evaluation of a footprints scrollbar, in 'CHI '09: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1665--1674.

Digital Library

[2]

Aliakseyeu, D., Irani, P., Lucero, A. & Subramanian, S. (2008), Multi-flick: an evaluation of flick-based scrolling techniques for pen interfaces, in 'CHI '08: Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1689--1698.

Digital Library

[3]

Andersen, T. H. (2005), A simple movement time model for scrolling, in 'CHI '05: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1180--1183.

Digital Library

[4]

Appert, C. & Fekete, J.-D. (2006), Orthozoom scroller: 1d multi-scale navigation, in 'CHI '06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 21--30.

Digital Library

[5]

Bartlett, J. F. (2000), 'Rock 'n' scroll is here to stay', IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 20(3), 40--45.

Digital Library

[6]

Baudisch, P. & Chu, G. (2009), Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices, in 'CHI '09: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1923--1932.

Digital Library

[7]

Cho, S.-J., Choi, C., Sung, Y., Lee, K., Kim, Y.-B. & MurraySmith, R. (2007), Dynamics of tilt-based browsing on mobile devices, in 'CHI '07: CHI '07 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1947--1952.

Digital Library

[8]

Cockburn, A., Savage, J. & Wallace, A. (2005), Tuning and testing scrolling interfaces that automatically zoom, in 'CHI '05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 71--80.

Digital Library

[9]

Eslambolchilar, P. & Murray-smith, R. (2004), Tilt-based automatic zooming and scaling in mobile devices - a statespace implementation, in 'Proceedings of Mobile HCI 2004', Springer, pp. 120--131.

[10]

Eslambolchilar, P., Williamson, J. & Murray-Smith, R. (2004), Multimodal feedback for tilt controlled speed dependent automatic zooming, in 'UIST '04: Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology'.

[11]

Geißler, J. (1998), Shuffle, throw or take it! working efficiently with an interactive wall, in 'CHI '98: CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 265--266.

Digital Library

[12]

Harrison, B. L., Fishkin, K. P., Gujar, A., Mochon, C. & Want, R. (1998), Squeeze me, hold me, tilt me! an exploration of manipulative user interfaces, in 'CHI '98: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York, NY, USA, pp. 17--24.

Digital Library

[13]

Hart, S. & Staveland, L. (1988), Development of nasa-tlx (task load index): Results of empirical and theoretical research., in P. Hancock, ed., 'Human Mental Workload', pp. 139--183.

[14]

Hinckley, K., Cutrell, E., Bathiche, S. & Muss, T. (2002), Quantitative analysis of scrolling techniques, in 'CHI '02: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 65--72.

Digital Library

[15]

Hinckley, K., Pierce, J., Sinclair, M. & Horvitz, E. (2000), Sensing techniques for mobile interaction, in 'UIST '00: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 91--100.

Digital Library

[16]

Igarashi, T. & Hinckley, K. (2000), Speed-dependent automatic zooming for browsing large documents, in 'UIST '00: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 139--148.

Digital Library

[17]

Kaptelinin, V., Mäntylä, T. & ÅÅström, J. (2002), Transient visual cues for scrolling: an empirical study, in 'CHI '02: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 620--621.

Digital Library

[18]

NASA (1991), Nasa man-systems integration standards: 3 anthoropometry and biomechanics, Technical Report NASA-MSIS Volume 1, part 3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

[19]

Petrie, H., Furner, S. & Strothotte, T. (1998), 'Design life-cycles and wearable computers for users with disabilities', Presented at The First Workshop on HumanComputer Interaction With Mobile Devices.

[20]

Pirhonen, A., Brewster, S. & Holguin, C. (2002), Gestural and audio metaphors as a means of control for mobile devices, in 'CHI '02: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 291--298.

Digital Library

[21]

Poupyrev, I., Maruyama, S. & Rekimoto, J. (2002), Ambient touch: designing tactile interfaces for handheld devices, in 'UIST '02: Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 51--60.

Digital Library

[22]

Ramos, G., Cockburn, A., Balakrishnan, R. & Beaudouin-Lafon, M. (2007), Pointing lenses: facilitating stylus input through visual-and motor-space magnification, in 'CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 757--766.

Digital Library

[23]

Reetz, A., Gutwin, C., Stach, T., Nacenta, M. & Subramanian, S. (2006), Superflick: a natural and efficient technique for long-distance object placement on digital tables, in 'GI '06: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006', Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada, pp. 163--170.

Digital Library

[24]

Rekimoto, J. (1996), Tilting operations for small screen interfaces, in 'UIST '96: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 167--168.

Digital Library

[25]

Roth, V. & Turner, T. (2009), Bezel swipe: conflict-free scrolling and multiple selection on mobile touch screen devices, in 'CHI '09: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1523--1526.

Digital Library

[26]

Wigdor, D. & Balakrishnan, R. (2003), Tilttext: using tilt for text input to mobile phones, in 'UIST '03: Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology', ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 81--90.

Digital Library

Cited By

Fashimpaur JKarlson AJonker TBenko HGupta A(2023)Investigating Wrist Deflection Scrolling Techniques for Extended RealityProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580870(1-16)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3580870
Alrizq MMehmood SMahoto NAlqahtani AHamdi MAlghamdi AShaikh A(2021)Analysis of Skim Reading on Desktop versus Mobile ScreenApplied Sciences10.3390/app1116739811:16(7398)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2021
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167398
Akpinar EYeşilada YTemizer S(2020)The Effect of Context on Small Screen and Wearable Device Users’ Performance - A Systematic ReviewACM Computing Surveys10.1145/338637053:3(1-44)Online publication date: 28-May-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3386370
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Evaluating reading and analysis tasks on mobile devices: a case study of tilt and flick scrolling
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)

Recommendations

Bezel swipe: conflict-free scrolling and multiple selection on mobile touch screen devices
CHI '09: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Zooming user interfaces are increasingly popular on mobile devices with touch screens. Swiping and pinching finger gestures anywhere on the screen manipulate the displayed portion of a page, and taps open objects within the page. This makes navigation ...
A comparison of flick and ring document scrolling in touch-based mobile phones
APCHI '12: Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction

This study quantitatively analyzed the performance of two scrolling techniques (flick and ring) for document navigation in touch-based mobile phones by means of three input methods (index finger, pen and thumb). Our findings were as follows: (1) overall,...
Bifocal display on mobile devices: empirical investigation
IHM '15: Proceedings of the 27th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine

Interactive visualization on mobile devices addresses the problem of large information spaces and small displays. Focusing on 1D/temporal information structures, the paper empirically investigates bifocal display on mobile devices by considering the ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

OZCHI '09: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7

November 2009

445 pages

ISBN:9781605588544

DOI:10.1145/1738826

Conference Chair:
Marcus Foth
Queensland University of Technology
,
Program Chairs:
Jesper Kjeldskov
Aalborg University
,
Jeni Paay
CSIRO

Copyright © 2009 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 23 November 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

Royal Society of New Zealand

Conference

OZCHI '09

OZCHI '09: Proceedings of the 21st conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group of Australia on Computer-human interaction: design

November 23 - 27, 2009

Melbourne, Australia

Acceptance Rates

OZCHI '09 Paper Acceptance Rate 32 of 60 submissions, 53%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 362 of 729 submissions, 50%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

16
Total Citations
View Citations
650
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)17
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 11 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Fashimpaur JKarlson AJonker TBenko HGupta A(2023)Investigating Wrist Deflection Scrolling Techniques for Extended RealityProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580870(1-16)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3580870
Alrizq MMehmood SMahoto NAlqahtani AHamdi MAlghamdi AShaikh A(2021)Analysis of Skim Reading on Desktop versus Mobile ScreenApplied Sciences10.3390/app1116739811:16(7398)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2021
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167398
Akpinar EYeşilada YTemizer S(2020)The Effect of Context on Small Screen and Wearable Device Users’ Performance - A Systematic ReviewACM Computing Surveys10.1145/338637053:3(1-44)Online publication date: 28-May-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3386370
Park KSeok HKim K(2019)The effects of graphic metaphor, gesture interaction, and form factor on e‐book performances and preferencesHuman Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries10.1002/hfm.2081229:6(493-503)Online publication date: 26-Aug-2019
https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20812
Di Geronimo LKalbermatter SNorrie MCampos JNunes N(2017)End-user web development tool for tilting interactionsProceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems10.1145/3102113.3102117(9-14)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3102113.3102117
Pelurson SNigay L(2015)Bifocal display on mobile devicesProceedings of the 27th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine10.1145/2820619.2820639(1-10)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2820619.2820639
Pelurson SNigay LZhang ZCohen PBohus DHoraud RMeng H(2015)Multimodal Interaction with a Bifocal View on Mobile DevicesProceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction10.1145/2818346.2820731(191-198)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2818346.2820731
Kronbauer ASantos C(2014)Impact of Contextual Factors on Smartphone Applications UseMobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services10.1007/978-3-319-11569-6_52(667-679)Online publication date: 28-Sep-2014
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11569-6_52
Kronbauer ASantos CPrazeres CSampaio PSantanchè ASantos CGoularte R(2013)Evaluation of the influence of contextual factors on the interactions with applications for smartphonesProceedings of the 19th Brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the web10.1145/2526188.2526212(81-88)Online publication date: 5-Nov-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2526188.2526212
Van Tonder BWesson J(2012)Improving the controllability of tilt interaction for mobile map-based applicationsInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.08.00170:12(920-935)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.08.001
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents