article

Free access

Before the Altair: the history of personal computing

Author:

Larry PressAuthors Info & Claims

Communications of the ACM, Volume 36, Issue 9

Pages 27 - 33

https://doi.org/10.1145/162685.162697

Published: 01 September 1993 Publication History

PDF eReader

References

[1]

Albrecht, R.L, A modern-day medicine show. Datamation, July, 196.3) 31-33.

Google Scholar

[2]

Baran, P., Boehm, S. and Smith, J,W~ On Distributed Communications (11 Memoranda), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., Aug, 1964.

Google Scholar

[3]

Bush, V. As we may think. Atlantic Mon. 176, 1 (1945), 641-649, reprinted in {18}.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Engeibart, D.C. Augmenting human intellect: A conceptual framework. Research Report AFOSR-3223, Stare ford Research institute, Menlo Park:, Calif., Oct. !962.

Google Scholar

[5]

Engelbart. D.C. and English, W.K. A research center for augmenting human inwllect. In Pr{,ceedings of the !968 Fall Joint Computer Co@fence. Thompson Book Co., Washington, DC, pp. 395-410.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[6]

Engelbart. D.C., Watson, R.W, and Norton, j.C. The augmented knowledge workshop. In Proceedings of &e 1973 AFIPS National Computer Confer~ ence, pp. 9-21.

Google Scholar

[7]

Goldberg, A. A History of Personal Workstations. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1988.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[8]

Kay, A. The reactive engine, Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, Sept. 1968 (university microfilms),

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Kay, A. Personal computing. Invited Paper, Meeting on 20 Years of Computer Science, Instituto di Etaborazione della Infromazione, Pisa, Italy, June 12, 1975.

Google Scholar

[10]

Kemeny, j. and Kurtz, T.E. Dartmouth time sharing. Science, 162, 3850, (Oct. 1I, I986), 223-228.

Google Scholar

[11]

Kurtz, T.E. BASIC. In {25}, 5 I5-549.

Google Scholar

[12]

Learning Research Group~ Personal dynamic media. SSL-76-I, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, Calif., 1976.

Google Scholar

[13]

Licklider, J.C.R. Man-computer symbiosis. IRE Trans. Human Factors Electron. (Mar., 1960), 4- t I.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[14]

Ihckiider, J.C.R. and Taylor, R.W, The computer as communication device. Sci. Tech. (Apr., i968), 21-31.

Google Scholar

[15]

McCarthy, J. Programs with common sense. D.V. Blake, and A.M. Utley, Eds., in Proceedings of the 7~ddington Con}erence on the M echnisation of Thought Processes. Her M~esty's Stationary Office, London, reprinted in M. Minsky, Ed., Serm2ntic h~b~nation Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1960.

Google Scholar

[16]

MarilI, T. and Roberts, I.G. Toward a cooperative network of tithe-shared computers. In Proceedings ~f the 1966 Fall Joint Computer Conference, pp. 4125-4.31.

Google Scholar

[17]

Metcalfe, R.M. and Boggs, D.R. Ethernet: Distributed packet switching for local computer networks. CSL-80-2, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, Caiif., 1980. Also appeared in Commun. ACM i9, 7, Oul., 1976)~

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[18]

Nyce, J.M. and Kahn, P. Fron~ Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bu~h and the Mind's Machine. Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Boston, 1991.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[19]

Papert, S. Teaching children a~ut thinking. I FiP Conference on Computer Education, 1970, Amsterdam, North Holland, pp I: 73-8.

Google Scholar

[20]

Roberts, L.G. and Wessler, B.D. Computer network development to achieve resource sharing. In Procee& ings of the 1970 Spring Joint Computer Conference, ppl 543-549.

Google Scholar

[21]

Roberts, E.H~ and Yates, W. AI?FAIR 8800. Pop. Electron. (}an., t975), 33- 38.

Google Scholar

[22]

Strachey, C. Time sharing in large, fast computers. In Proceedings 0{ the internatiomd Conference on Information Processing, UNESCO, Butterworth's, London, Jun., 1959, pp. 3136-341.

Google Scholar

[23]

Sutherland, I. Sketchpad: A manmachine graphical communication system. In Proceedings of the Spring Joint Computer Con{brence, (1963), pp. 329-346.

Google Scholar

[24]

Thacker, C.E, eta I. Alto: A personal computer. CSL-79-1I, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Paio Alto, Calif., 1979~ Reprinted in Siewiorek, Belt, and Newell. Computer Structures: Principies and l~xamples. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Google Scholar

[25]

Wexelblat, R.L. History, of Programruing Ianguages. Academic Press, New York, 1981.

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Myers B(2024)Pick, Click, Flick!undefinedOnline publication date: 14-Mar-2024
Murphy D(2021)Cracking Technocultural Memory: Scenes and Stories of Origin in the PlayStation Portable Forensic ImaginaryGame History and the Local10.1007/978-3-030-66422-0_8(141-157)Online publication date: 25-May-2021
Romero N(2012)Review and Brief History of Collaborative SystemsSystems Science and Collaborative Information Systems10.4018/978-1-61350-201-3.ch007(139-160)Online publication date: 2012
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Before the Altair: the history of personal computing
1. Social and professional topics
  1. Professional topics
    1. History of computing
      1. Historical people

Recommendations

The altair, reincarnated [Resources_Hands On]

The MITS Altair 8800 was the first commercially successful personal computer. Created by Ed Roberts in 1974, it was purchased by the thousands via mail order, proving there was a huge demand for computers outside universities and large corporations. Its ...
Altair's PBS professional update
SC '06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing

This years BOF presentation will concentrate on the new features and functionality released during 2006 (PBS Professional Versions 7.1 and 8.0) with a glimpse into our development roadmap. The BOF provides PBS users with an oportunity to ask Altair ...
Artificial intelligence researchers: Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, Joseph Weizenbaum, Kevin Warwick, Ray Kurzweil

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

Communications of the ACM Volume 36, Issue 9

Sept. 1993

122 pages

ISSN:0001-0782

EISSN:1557-7317

DOI:10.1145/162685

Editor:
Jacques Cohen

Issue’s Table of Contents

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 September 1993

Published in CACM Volume 36, Issue 9

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

15
Total Citations
View Citations
2,224
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)259
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)28

Reflects downloads up to 18 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Myers B(2024)Pick, Click, Flick!undefinedOnline publication date: 14-Mar-2024
Murphy D(2021)Cracking Technocultural Memory: Scenes and Stories of Origin in the PlayStation Portable Forensic ImaginaryGame History and the Local10.1007/978-3-030-66422-0_8(141-157)Online publication date: 25-May-2021
Romero N(2012)Review and Brief History of Collaborative SystemsSystems Science and Collaborative Information Systems10.4018/978-1-61350-201-3.ch007(139-160)Online publication date: 2012
Strachan R(2012)Affordances, stations audionumériques et créativité musicaleRéseaux10.3917/res.172.0120n° 172:2(120-143)Online publication date: 1-May-2012
Dabbagh NReo R(2011)Back to the FutureWeb 2.0-Based E-Learning10.4018/978-1-60566-294-7.ch001(1-20)Online publication date: 2011
Obendorf HObendorf H(2009)Detecting the MinimalMinimalism10.1007/978-1-84882-371-6_6(125-237)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2009
Hatfield DShaffer DBarab SHay KHickey D(2006)Press playProceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences10.5555/1150034.1150069(236-242)Online publication date: 27-Jun-2006
Mclver WElmagarmid A(2002)IntroductionAdvances in Digital Government10.1007/0-306-47374-7_1(1-36)Online publication date: 2002
Ceruzzi P(2001)A View from 20 Years as a Historian of ComputingIEEE Annals of the History of Computing10.1109/85.96996323:4(49-55)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2001
Persson E(1999)Shibboleth of many meanings. An essay on the ontology of business objectsProceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)10.1109/EDOC.1999.792045(2-17)Online publication date: 1999
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

References

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

The altair, reincarnated [Resources_Hands On]

Altair's PBS professional update

Artificial intelligence researchers: Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, Joseph Weizenbaum, Kevin Warwick, Ray Kurzweil

Comments

Information

Published In

Publisher

Publication History

Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View options

PDF

eReader

Login options

Full Access

Figures

Other

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media

Affiliations