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The growth of software skill: a longitudinal look at learning & performance

Published: 01 May 1993 Publication History

Abstract

This research follows a group of users over time (16 months) as they progress from novice towards expert in their use of Lotus 1-2-3. Quantitative and qualitative measures of performance are compared with expert users having over three years of experience. The results indicate that the motor aspects of performance are relatively stable over time, while improvement in the cognitive components of the skill are dependent on aspects of the menu structure and how many things must be retrieved from memory, among other things. These results imply extensions to the Keystroke Level Model of skilled performance as well as suggest ways to design the user interfaces so as to speed the acquisition of expertise.

References

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Anderson, J.R. (1982) Acquisition of cognitive skill Psychological Review, 89(4), 369-406.
[2]
Card, S. K., Moran, T. P., and Newell, A. (1983) The Psychology of Human-Computer interaction. HiUsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
[3]
Ericsson, K. A. and Smith, J. E. (Eds) (1991) Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
[4]
Doane, S. M., Pelligrino, J. W., and Klatzky, R. L. (1990) Expertise in a computer operating system: Conceptualization and performance. Human Computer interaction, 5, 267-304.
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Kieras, D. E. and Poison, P. G. (1985) An approach to the formal analysis of user complexity. international Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 22, 365-394.
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Laird, J.E., Newell, A. and Rosenbloom, P. S. (1987) SOAR: An architecture for general intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 33,1-64.
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Lane, D. M., Napier, H. A., Batsell, R. R., and Naman, J. L. (1991) The application of Card, Moran, and Newell's keystroke-level model to the operation of hierarchical menu systems. Unpublished manuscript under review, Rice University.
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Neves, D.M., and Anderson, J.R. (1981) Knowledge compilation: Mechanisms for the automatization of cognitive skills. In J.R. Anderson (Ed.) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 57-84.
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Newell, A., and Rosenbloom, P. S. (1981) Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In J.R. Anderson (Ed.) Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 1-55.
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Poison, P.G. and Lewis, C.H. (1991) Theory-based design for easily learned interfaces. Human-Computer Interaction, 15, 191-220.
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Cited By

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  • (2018)Characterize the transition from menus to hotkeysProceedings of the 30th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine10.1145/3286689.3286699(30-41)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2018
  • (2018)FingerArc and FingerChordProceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3242587.3242589(347-363)Online publication date: 11-Oct-2018
  • (2016)Plateaus, Dips, and Leaps: Where to Look for Inventions and Discoveries During Skilled PerformanceCognitive Science10.1111/cogs.1241241:7(1838-1870)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2016
  • Show More Cited By

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CHI '93: Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
May 1993
547 pages
ISBN:0897915755
DOI:10.1145/169059
  • Chairmen:
  • Bert Arnold,
  • Gerrit van der Veer,
  • Ted White
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 May 1993

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Author Tags

  1. GOMS
  2. menu design
  3. models of the user
  4. user-interface design issues

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Conference

INTERCHI93
Sponsor:
INTERCHI93: Conference on Human Factors in Computing
April 24 - 29, 1993
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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CHI '93 Paper Acceptance Rate 62 of 330 submissions, 19%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2018)Characterize the transition from menus to hotkeysProceedings of the 30th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine10.1145/3286689.3286699(30-41)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2018
  • (2018)FingerArc and FingerChordProceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3242587.3242589(347-363)Online publication date: 11-Oct-2018
  • (2016)Plateaus, Dips, and Leaps: Where to Look for Inventions and Discoveries During Skilled PerformanceCognitive Science10.1111/cogs.1241241:7(1838-1870)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2016
  • (2016)User Experience in the Work Domain: A Longitudinal Field StudyInteracting with Computers10.1093/iwc/iww022Online publication date: 29-Jul-2016
  • (2015)An Investigation of Metrics for the In Situ Detection of Software ExpertiseHuman-Computer Interaction10.1080/07370024.2014.88166830:1(64-102)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2015
  • (2014)Supporting Novice to Expert Transitions in User InterfacesACM Computing Surveys10.1145/265979647:2(1-36)Online publication date: 12-Nov-2014
  • (2012)How to motivate people to use internet at homeProceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction10.1145/2350046.2350100(259-268)Online publication date: 28-Aug-2012
  • (2011)What does it mean to be good at using a mobile device? An investigation of three levels of experience and skillInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2010.11.00369:3(155-169)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011
  • (2010)Resolving the paradox of the active user: stable suboptimal performance in interactive tasksCognitive Science10.1207/s15516709cog2806_228:6(901-935)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2010
  • (2005)Separating the knowledge layers: Cognitive analysis of search knowledge through hierarchical goal decompositionsProceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology10.1002/meet.145039012239:1(204-213)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2005
  • Show More Cited By

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