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Misperceptions in stereoscopic displays: a vision science perspective

Published: 09 August 2008 Publication History

Abstract

3d shape and scene layout are often misperceived when viewing stereoscopic displays. For example, viewing from the wrong distance alters an object's perceived size and shape. It is crucial to understand the causes of such misperceptions so one can determine the best approaches for minimizing them. The standard model of misperception is geometric. The retinal images are calculated by projecting from the stereo images to the viewer's eyes. Rays are back-projected from corresponding retinal-image points into space and the ray intersections are determined. The intersections yield the coordinates of the predicted percept. We develop the mathematics of this model. In many cases its predictions are close to what viewers perceive. There are three important cases, however, in which the model fails: 1) when the viewer's head is rotated about a vertical axis relative to the stereo display (yaw rotation); 2) when the head is rotated about a forward axis (roll rotation); 3) when there is a mismatch between the camera convergence and the way in which the stereo images are displayed. In these cases, most rays from corresponding retinal-image points do not intersect, so the standard model cannot provide an estimate for the 3d percept. Nonetheless, viewers in these situations have coherent 3d percepts, so the visual system must use another method to estimate 3d structure. We show that the non-intersecting rays generate vertical disparities in the retinal images that do not arise otherwise. Findings in vision science show that such disparities are crucial signals in the visual system's interpretation of stereo images. We show that a model that incorporates vertical disparities predicts the percepts associated with improper viewing of stereoscopic displays. Improving the model of misperceptions will aid the design and presentation of 3d displays.

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      cover image ACM Conferences
      APGV '08: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
      August 2008
      209 pages
      ISBN:9781595939814
      DOI:10.1145/1394281
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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      Published: 09 August 2008

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      Author Tags

      1. 3D displays
      2. depth perception
      3. virtual reality
      4. visualization

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      • (2023)Perceiving Absolute Distance in Augmented Reality Displays with Realistic and Non-realistic ShadowsACM Symposium on Applied Perception 202310.1145/3605495.3605800(1-9)Online publication date: 5-Aug-2023
      • (2023)A Framework for the Continuous Evaluation of 3D Motion Perception in Virtual RealityIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering10.1109/TBME.2023.327128870:10(2933-2942)Online publication date: Oct-2023
      • (2023)How Capturing Camera Trajectory Distortion Affects User Experience on Looking Glass 3D DisplayMultimedia Tools and Applications10.1007/s11042-023-16350-583:7(20265-20287)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2023
      • (2022)Binocular Information Improves the Reliability and Consistency of Pictorial ReliefVision10.3390/vision70100017:1(1)Online publication date: 22-Dec-2022
      • (2022)MRI Stereoscope: A Miniature Stereoscope for Human Neuroimagingeneuro10.1523/ENEURO.0382-21.20219:1(ENEURO.0382-21.2021)Online publication date: 19-Jan-2022
      • (2022)Perceptual Guidelines for Optimizing Field of View in Stereoscopic Augmented Reality DisplaysACM Transactions on Applied Perception10.1145/355492119:4(1-23)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2022
      • (2022)Stereo Based 3D Perception for Obstacle Avoidance in Autonomous Wheelchair NavigationROBOT2022: Fifth Iberian Robotics Conference10.1007/978-3-031-21065-5_27(321-332)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2022
      • (2021)Egocentric Distance Judgments in Full-Cue Video-See-Through VR Conditions are No Better than Distance Judgments to Targets in a Void2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR50410.2021.00056(1-9)Online publication date: Mar-2021
      • (2020)Stereoscopic 3D geometric distortions analyzed from the viewer’s point of viewPLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.024066115:10(e0240661)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2020
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