[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/1198555.1198711acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessiggraphConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Modern approaches to augmented reality

Published: 31 July 2005 Publication History

Abstract

This tutorial discusses the Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) concept, its advantages and limitations. It will present examples of state-of-the-art display configurations, appropriate real-time rendering techniques, details about hardware and software implementations, and current areas of application. Specifically, it will describe techniques for optical combination using single/multiple spatially aligned mirror-beam splitters, image sources, transparent screens and optical holograms. Furthermore, it presents techniques for projector-based augmentation of geometrically complex and textured display surfaces, and (along with optical combination) methods for achieving consistent illumination and occlusion effects. Emerging technologies that have the potential of enhancing future augmented reality displays will be surveyed.

References

[1]
{Azu97} Azuma, R. T., A Survey of Augmented Reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 355--385, 1997.
[2]
{Bim00} Bimber, O., Encarnação, L. M., and Schmalstieg, D. Augmented Reality with Back-Projection Systems using Transflective Surfaces. Computer Graphics Forum (proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS 2000 - EG'2000), vol. 19, no. 3, pp.161--168, 2000.
[3]
{Bim01a} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. The Virtual Showcase. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 21, no.6, pp. 48--55, 2001.
[4]
{Bim01b} Bimber, O., Encarnação, L. M. and Branco, P. The Extended Virtual Table: An Optical Extension for Table-Like Projection Systems. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.10, no. 6, pp. 613--631, 2001.
[5]
{Bim02a} Bimber, O. and Fröhlich, B. Occlusion Shadows: Using Projected Light to Generate Realistic Occlusion Effects for View-Dependent Optical See-Through Displays. In proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'02), pp. 186--195, 2002.
[6]
{Bim02b} Bimber, O., Gatesy, S. M., Witmer, L. M., Raskar, R. and Encarnação, L. M. Merging Fossil Specimens with Computer-Generated Information. IEEE Computer, September, pp. 45--50, 2002.
[7]
{Bim03} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. Real-Time View-Dependent Image Warping to correct Non-Linear Distortion for Curved Virtual Showcase Displays. To appear in Computers and Graphics - The international Journal of Systems and Applications in Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 4, 2003.
[8]
{Bim04a} Bimber, O. Combining Optical Holograms with Interactive Computer Graphics. In IEEE Computer, January issue, pp. 85--91, 2004.
[9]
{Bim04b} Bimber, O., Coriand, F., Kleppe, A., Bruns, E., Zollmann, S., and Langlotz, T. Superimposing Pictorial Artwork with Projected Imagery. To appear in IEEE MultiMedia, 2004.
[10]
{Fei93} Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., et al. Windows on the World: 2D Windows for 3D Augmented Reality. In proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 145--155, 1993.
[11]
{Fig02} Figl, M., Birkfellner, W., Ede, C., Hummel, J., Hanel, R. Watzinger, F., Wanschitz, F., Ewers, R., and Bergmann H. The Control Unit for a Head Mounted Operating Microscope used for Augmented Reality Visualization in Computer Aided Surgery. In proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'02), pp. 69--76, 2002.
[12]
{Fiz93} Fitzmaurice, G. W. Situated Information Spaces and Spatially Aware Palmtop Computer. CACM, vol. 35(7), pp. 38--49, 1993.
[13]
{Fru01} Fründ, J.; Geiger, C.; Grafe, M.; Kleinjohann, B.: The augmented reality personal digital assistant. In proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed Reality, 2001.
[14]
{Gau03} Gausemeier, J., Fruend, J., Matysczok, C., Bruederlin, B., and Beier, D. Development of a real time image based object recognition method for mobile AR-devices. In proceedings of International Conference on Computer graphics, Virtual Reality, Visualisation and Interaction in Africa, pp. 133--139, 2003.
[15]
{Gei01} Geiger, C., Kleinjohann, B., Reimann, C. Stichling, D. Mobile Ar4All. In proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality, pp. 181--182, 2001.
[16]
{Hua01} Hua, H., Gao, C., Brown, L., Ahuja, N., and Rolland, J. P. Using a head-mounted projective display in interactive augmented environments. In Proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality 2001, pp. 217--223, 2001.
[17]
{Ina00} Inami, M., Kawakami, N., Sekiguchi, D., Yanagida, Y., Maeda, T. and Tachi, S., Visuo-Haptic Display Using Head-Mounted Projector, Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 2000, pp.233--240, 2000.
[18]
{Kij97} Kijima, R. and Ojika, T. Transition between virtual environment and workstation environment with projective head-mounted display, In proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pp. 130--137, 1997.
[19]
{Kiy00} Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y. and Ohno, H. An Optical See-through Display for Mutual Occlusion of Real and Virtual Environments. In proceedings of IEEE & ACM ISAR 2000, pp. 60--67, 2000.
[20]
{Kol93} Kollin, J. A Retinal Display For Virtual-Environment Applications. In proceedings of SID International Symposium, Digest Of Technical Papers, pp. 827, 1993.
[21]
{Lew04} Lewis, J. R. In the eye of the beholder. IEEE Spectrum, May issue, pp. 16--20, 2004
[22]
{Low01} Low, K., Welch, G., Lastra, A., and Fuchs, H. Life-Sized Projector-Based Dioramas. Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2001.
[23]
{Moe04} Moehring, M., Lessig, C., and Bimber, O. Video see-through AR on consumer cell-phones. Submitted to IEEE/ACM ISMAR'04, 2004.
[24]
{Ogi01} Ogi, T., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, K. and Hirose, M. Invisible Interface for Immersive Virtual World. In proceedings of the Immersive Projection Technology Workshop (IPT'01), pp. 237--246, Stuttgart, Germany, 2001.
[25]
{Par98} Parsons, J., and Rolland, J. P., A non-intrusive display technique for providing real-time data within a surgeons critical area of interest, In proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality'98, pp. 246--251, 1998.
[26]
{Par65} Parks, T. E. Post Retinal Visual Storage. American Journal of Psychology, vol. 78, pp. 145--147, 1965.
[27]
{Pas03} Pasman, W. and Woodward, C. Implementation of an augmented reality system on a PDA. In proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 276--277, 2003.
[28]
{Pat00} Patrick, E., Cosgrove, D., Slavkovic, A., Rode, J. A., Verratti, T., and Chiselko, G. Using a Large Projection Screen as an Alternative to Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Environments. In proceedings of CHI' 2000, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 479--485, 2000.
[29]
{Pin01} Pinhanez, C. The everywhere displays projector: A device to create ubiquitous graphical interfaces, In proceedings of Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 315--331, 2001.
[30]
{Pry98} Pryor, Homer L., Furness, Thomas A. and Viirre, E. The Virtual Retinal Display: A New Display Technology Using Scanned Laser Light. In proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 42nd Annual Meeting, pp. 1570--1574, 1998.
[31]
{Ras98} Raskar, R., Welch, G., and Fuchs, H. Spatially Augmented Reality. In proceedings of First IEEE Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'98), San Francisco, CA, pp. 63--72, 1998.
[32]
{Ras99} Raskar, R., Welch, G., and Chen, W-C. Table-Top Spatially Augmented Reality: Bringing Physical Models to Life with Projected Imagery. In proceedings of Second International IEEE Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'99), San Francisco, CA, pp. 64--71, 1999.
[33]
{Ras01} Raskar, R., Welch, G., Low, K. L. and Bandyopadhyay, D. Shader Lamps: Animating real objects with image-based illumination, In proceedings of Eurographics Rendering Workshop, pp. 89--102, 2001.
[34]
{Ras02} Raskar, R., Ziegler, R. and Willwacher, T. Cartoon Dioramas in Motion, In proceedings of Int. Symp. on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 7-ff, 2002.
[35]
{Ras03} Raskar, R., van Baar, J., Beardsly, P., Willwacher, T., Rao, S. and Forlines, C. iLamps: Geometrically Aware and Self-Configuring Projectors, In proceedings of ACM Siggraph, pp. 809--818, 2003.
[36]
{Rol94} Rolland, J., Rich, H. and Fuchs, H. A Comparison of Optical and Video See-Through Head-Mounted Displays. In proceedings of SPIE: Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, pp. 293--307, 1994.
[37]
{Sch02} Schwald, B., Seibert, H., Weller, T. A Flexible Tracking Concept Applied to Medical Scenarios Using an AR Window. In proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'02), pp. 261--262, 2002.
[38]
{Ste01} Stetten, G., Chib, V., Hildebrand, D., and Bursee, J. Real Time Tomographic Reflection: Phantoms for Calibration and Biopsy, In proceedings of IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISMAR'01), pp. 11--19, 2001.
[39]
{Und99} Underkoffler, J., Ullmer, B. and Ishii, H. Emancipated pixels: real-world graphics in the luminous room, In proceedings of ACM Siggraph, pp. 385--392, 1999.
[40]
{Wag03} Wagner, D., and Schmalstieg, D. First steps towards handheld augmented reality. In proceedings of International Conference on Wearable Computers, pp. 127--136, 2003.
[41]
{All03} Allard, J., Gouranton, V., Lamarque, G., Melin, E., and Raffin, B. Softgenlock: active stereo and GenLock for PC clusters. In proceedings of Immersive Projection Technology and Eurographics Virtual Environments Workshop 2003 (IPT/EGVE'03), pp. 255--260, 2003.
[42]
{Azu97} Azuma, R. T., A Survey of Augmented Reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 355--385, 1997.
[43]
{Bim00} Bimber, O., Encarnação, L. M., and Schmalstieg, D. Augmented Reality with Back-Projection Systems using Transflective Surfaces. Computer Graphics Forum (proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS 2000 - EG'2000), vol. 19, no. 3, pp.161--168, 2000.
[44]
{Bim01a} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. The Virtual Showcase. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 21, no.6, pp. 48--55, 2001.
[45]
{Bim01b} Bimber, O., Encarnação, L. M. and Branco, P. The Extended Virtual Table: An Optical Extension for Table-Like Projection Systems. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.10, no. 6, pp. 613--631, 2001.
[46]
{Bim02} Bimber, O. Interactive rendering for Projection-Based Augmented Reality Displays. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Technology Darmstadt, http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000270/, 2002.
[47]
{Bim03} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. Real-Time View-Dependent Image Warping to correct Non-Linear Distortion for Curved Virtual Showcase Displays. To appear in Computers and Graphics - The international Journal of Systems and Applications in Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 4, 2003.
[48]
{Bre73} Brent, R. P. Algorithms for minimization without derivatives. Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ, 1973.
[49]
{Hec84} Heckbert, P. and Hanrahan, P. Beam tracing polygonal objects. Compute Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'84), vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 119--127, 1984.
[50]
{Hop96} Hoppe H. Progressive meshes. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'96), New Orleans, LA, p. 99--108, 1996.
[51]
{Hop97} Hoppe H. View-dependent refinement of progressive meshes. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'97), Los Angeles, CA, p. 189--97, 1997.
[52]
{Hop98} Hoppe H. Smooth view-dependent level-of-detail control and its application to terrain rendering. Proceedings of IEEE Visualization'98, Research Triangle Park, NC, p. 35--42, 1998.
[53]
{Lin96} Lindstrom P, Koller D, Ribarsky W, Hughes L, Faust N, Turner G. Realtime, continuous level of detail rendering for height fields. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'96), New Orleans, LA, p. 109--18, 1996.
[54]
{Mck99a} McKay, S., Mason, S., Mair, L. S., Waddell, P., and Fraser, M. Membrane Mirror-Based Display For Viewing 2D and 3D Images. In proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3634, pp. 144--155, 1999.
[55]
{Mit92} Mitchell, D. and Hanrahan, P. Illumination from Curved Reflectors. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'92), pp. 283--291, 1992.
[56]
{Moe97} Möller, T., and Trumbore, B. Fast, Minimum Storage Ray-Triangle Intersection. Journal of graphics tools. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21--28, 1997.
[57]
{Mck99b} McKay, S., Mason, S., Mair, L. S., Waddell, P., and Fraser, M. Stereoscopic Display using a 1.2-M Diameter Stretchable Membrane Mirror. In proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3639, pp. 122--131, 1999.
[58]
{Ofe98} Ofek, E. and Rappoport A. Interactive reflections on curved objects. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'98), pp. 333--342, 1998.
[59]
{Ofe99} Ofek. E. Interactive Rendering of View-Dependent Global Lighting Phenomena. Ph.D. Dissertation, Hebrew University (Israel), 1999.
[60]
{Rol93} Rolland, J. P., and Hopkins, T. A Method of Computational Correction for Optical Distortion in Head-Mounted Displays. (Tech. Rep. No. TR93-045). UNC Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1993.
[61]
{Seg92} Segal, M., Korobkin, C., van Widenfelt, R. Foran, J., and Haeberli, P. Fast Shaddows and Lighting Effects Using Texture Mapping. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'92), vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 249--252, 1992.
[62]
{Spa92} Spanguolo, M. Polyhedral surface decomposition based on curvature analysis. Modern Geometric Computing for Visualization, Springer Verlag, 1992.
[63]
{Stol01} Stoll, G., Eldridge, M., Patterson, D., Webb, A., Berman, S., Levy, R., Caywood, C., Taveira, M., Hunt, S., Hanrahan, P. Lightning-2: A high-performance subsystem for PC clusters. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'01), 2001, pp. 141--148.
[64]
{Wat95} Watson, B., and Hodges, L. Using Texture Maps to Correct for Optical Distortion in Head Mounted Displays. In proceedings of IEEE VRAIS'95, pp. 172--178, 1995.
[65]
{Wei99} Wiegand, T. E., von Schloerb, D. W., and Sachtler, W. L. Virtual Workbench: Near-Field Virtual Environment System with Applications. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 492--519, 1999.
[66]
{Ban01} D. Bandyopadhyay, R. Raskar, A. State, H. Fuchs, Dynamic Spatially Augmented 3D Painting. UNC Chapel Hill Tech Report TR01--006, 2001.
[67]
{Bim01} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. The Virtual Showcase. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 48--55, 2001.
[68]
{Bim02b} Bimber, O., Gatesy, S. M., Witmer, L. M., Raskar, R. and Encarnação, L. M. Merging Fossil Specimens with Computer-Generated Information. IEEE Computer, September, pp. 45--50, 2002.
[69]
{Bim02a} Bimber, O. and Fröhlich, B. Occlusion Shadows: Using Projected Light to Generate Realistic Occlusion Effects for View-Dependent Optical See-Through Displays. In proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'02), pp. 186--195, 2002.
[70]
{Bim03} Bimber, O. Grundhöfer, A., Wetzstein, G., and Knödel, S. Consistent Illumination within Optical See-Through Augmented Environments, In proceedings of IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'03), pp. 198--207, 2003.
[71]
{Bim04a} Bimber, O. Combining Optical Holograms with Interactive Computer Graphics. In IEEE Computer, January issue, pp. 85--91, 2004.
[72]
{Bim04b} Bimber, O., Coriand, F., Kleppe, A., Bruns, E., Zollmann, S., and Langlotz, T. Superimposing Pictorial Artwork with Projected Imagery. Submitted to IEEE MultiMedia, 2004.
[73]
{Boi01} Boivin, S. and Gagalowicz, A. Image-based rendering of diffuse, specular and glossy surfaces from a single image. In proceedings of ACM Siggraph, pp. 107--116, 2001.
[74]
{Bre73} Brent, R. P. Algorithms for minimization without derivatives. Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ, 1973.
[75]
{Bre96} Breen, D. E., Whitaker, R. T., Rose, E. and Tuceryan, M. Interactive Occlusion and Automatic Object Placement for Augmented Reality. Computer and Graphics Forum (proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS'96), vol. 15, no. 3, pp. C11--C22, 1996.
[76]
{Che00} Chen, Y., D. Clark, Finkelstein, A., Housel, T. and Li., K., Automatic Alignment of high resolution Multi-Projector Displays using an un-calibrated Camera, In proceedings of IEEE Visualization, pp. 125--130, 2000.
[77]
{Che93} S. E. Chen, and L. Williams. View Interpolation from Image Synthesis. SIGGRAPH '93, pp. 279--288, July 1993.
[78]
{Deb96} P. Debevec, C. J. Taylor, and J. Malik. Modeling and Rendering Architecture from Photographs. SIGGRAPH '96, August 1996.
[79]
{Deb98} P. Debevec, Y. Yu, and G. Borshukov. Efficient View-Dependent Image-Based Rendering with Projective Texture-Mapping. Proc. of 9th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, June 1998.
[80]
{Dre97} Dreesen, F., von Bally, G. Color holography in a single layer for documentation and analysis of cultural heritage. In Optics within Life Sciences (OWLS IV), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 79--82, 1997.
[81]
{Dre00} Dreesen, F., Deleré, H., von Bally, G. High Resolution Color-Holography for Archeological and Medical Applications. In Optics within Life Sciences (OWLS V), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 349--352, 2000.
[82]
{Dre97} Drettakis, G. and Sillion, F. Interactive update of global illumination using a line-space hierarchy. In proceedings of ACM Siggraph'97, pp. 57--64, 1997.
[83]
{Fau93} O. Faugeras. Three-Dimensional Computer Vision: A Geometric Viewpoint. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1993.
[84]
{For93} Fournier, A. Gunawan, A. S., and Romanzin, C. Common illumination between real and computer generated scenes. In proceedings of Graphics Interface'93, pp. 254--262, 1993.
[85]
{Gib00} Gibson, S. and Murta, A. Interactive rendering with real-world illumination. In proceedings of 11th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pp. 365--376, 2000.
[86]
{Gor84} Goral, C. M., Torrance, K. E., Greenberg, D. P., and Battaile, B. Modeling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces. Computer In proceedings of ACM Siggraph'84, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 212--222, 1984.
[87]
{Gor96} S. J. Gortler, R. Grzeszczuk, R. Szeliski, and M. F. Cohen. The Lumigraph. SIGGRAPH '96, August 1996.
[88]
{Hua01} Hua, H., Gao, C., Brown, L., Ahuja, N., and Rolland, J. P. Using a head-mounted projective display in interactive augmented environments. In proceedings of IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01), pp. 217--223, 2001.
[89]
{Kaj86} J. T. Kajiya. The Rendering Equation. Computer Graphics 20(4) (1986), pp. 143--151.
[90]
{Kiy00} Kiyokawa, K., Kurata, Y. and Ohno, H. An Optical See-through Display for Mutual Occlusion of Real and Virtual Environments. In proceedings of IEEE & ACM ISAR 2000, pp. 60--67, 2000.
[91]
{Klu02} Klug, M. A., Scalable digital holographic displays, IS&T PICS 2001: Image Processing, Image Quality, Image Capture Systems Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 26--32, 2001.
[92]
{Kol89} Kollin, J. S., Benton, S. A., and Jepsen, M. L. Real-Time Dispaly of 3-D Computer Holograms by Scanning the Image of an Acousto-Optic Mudulator. In Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 1136, Holographic Optics II: Principle and Applications, 1989.
[93]
{Lev96} M. Levoy, and P. Hanrahan. Light Field Rendering. SIGGRAPH '96, August 1996.
[94]
{Los00} Loscos, C., Drettakis, G., and Robert, L. Interactive virtual relighting of real scenes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol, 6, no. 3, pp. 289--305, 2000.
[95]
{Low01} Low, K., Welch, G., Lastra, A. and Fuchs, H. Life-Sized Projector-Based Dioramas, In proceedings of Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp-93-101, 2001.
[96]
{Luc93} Lucente, M. Interactive computation of holograms using a look-up table. Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 28--34, 1993.
[97]
{Luc95} Lucente, M. and Tinsley, A. Rendering interactive images. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'95), pp. 387--394, 1995.
[98]
{Luc97} Lucente, M. Interactive three-dimensional holographic displays: seeing the future in depth. SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, special issue on Current, New, and Emerging Display Systems, 1997.
[99]
{Mat98} Mather G, Verstraten F, and Anstis S The Motion Aftereffect: a Modern Perspective. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1998. (http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/home/George_Mather/Motion/)
[100]
{Maj00} Majumder, A., He, Z., Towles, H., and Welch, G., Achieving Color Uniformity Across Multi-Projector Displays, In proceedings of IEEE Visualization, pp. 117--124, 2000.
[101]
{McM96} L. McMillan, and G. Bishop. Plenoptic Modeling. SIGGRAPH '95, August 1995.
[102]
{Nae02} Naemura, T., Nitta, T., Mimura, A., Harashima, H. Virtual Shadows - Enhanced Interaction in Mixed Reality Environments. In proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality (IEEE VR'02), pp. 293--294, 2002.
[103]
{Nak01} Nakamae, E., Harada, K., Ishizaki, T., and Nishita, T. A montage method: The overlaying of computer generated images onto background photographs. In proceedings of ACM Siggraph'86, pp. 207--214, 1986.
[104]
{Nei96} Neider, J., Davis, T., and Woo, M. OpenGL Programming Guide. Release 1, Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-63274-8, pp. 157--194, 1996.
[105]
{Nod99} Noda, S., Ban, Y., Sato, K., and Chihara, K. An Optical See-Through Mixed Reality Display with Realtime Rangefinder and an Active Pattern Light Source. Transactions of the Virtual Reality Society of Japan, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 665--670, 1999.
[106]
{Pan} Panoram Technology. http://www.panoramtech.com
[107]
{Pet03} Petz, C. and Magnor, M. Fast Hologram Synthesis for 3D Geometry Models using Graphics Hardware. In proceedings of SPIE'03, Practical Holography XVII and Holographic Materials IX, vol. 5005, pp 266--275, 2003.
[108]
{Pin01} Pinhanez, C. The everywhere displays projector: A device to create ubiquitous graphical interfaces, In proceedings of Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 315--331, 2001.
[109]
{Pre92} Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T. and Flannery, B. P. Numerical Recipes in C - The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd edition), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-43108-5, pp. 412--420, 19 2.
[110]
{Ras98} R. Raskar, G. Welch, M. Cutts, A. Lake, L. Stesin, and H. Fuchs. The Office of the Future: A Unified Approach to Image-Based Modeling and Spatially Immersive Displays. SIGGRAPH '98, July 1998
[111]
{Ras99} R. Raskar, M. Brown, R. Yang, W. Chen, G. Welch, H. Towles, B. Seales, H. Fuchs. Multi-Projector Displays Using Camera-Based Registration. IEEE Visualization 99, October 1999.
[112]
{Ras99b} R. Raskar, G. Welch, W. Chen. Tabletop Spatially Augmented Reality: Bringing Physical Models to Life using Projected Imagery. Second Int Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR'99), October 1999, San Francisco, CA
[113]
{Ras01} Raskar, R., Welch, G., Low, K. L. and Bandyopadhyay, D. Shader Lamps: Animating real objects with image-based illumination, In proceedings of Eurographics Rendering Workshop, pp. 89--102, 2001.
[114]
{Ras02} Raskar, R., Ziegler, R. and Willwacher, T. Cartoon Dioramas in Motion, In proceedings of Int. Symp on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 7-ff, 2002.
[115]
{Ras03} Raskar, R., van Baar, J., Beardsly, P., Willwacher, T., Rao, S. and Forlines, C. iLamps: Geometrically Aware and Self-Configuring Projectors, In proceedings of ACM Siggraph, pp. 809--818, 2003.
[116]
{Ras04} R. Raskar, P Bearsdley, J VanBaar, Y Wang, P Dietz, J Lee, D Leigh, T Willwacher. RFIG Lamps: Interacting with a Self-Describing World via Photosensing Wireless Tags and Projectors. SIGGRAPH '04, 2004.
[117]
{Sze97} R. Szeliski and H. Shum. Creating Full View Panoramic Mosaics and Environment Maps. SIGGRAPH '97, August 1997.
[118]
{Und99} Underkoffler, J., Ullmer, B. and Ishii, H. Emancipated pixels: real-world graphics in the luminous room, In proceedings of ACM Siggraph, pp. 385--392, 1999.
[119]
{Yan01} Yang, R., Gotz, D., Hensley, J., Towels., H., and Borwn, M., PixelFlex: A Reconfigurable Multi-Projector Display System, In proceedings of IEEE Visualization, 2001.
[120]
{Yam90} Yamaguchi, M, Ohyama, N., and Honda, T. Holographic 3-D Printer. In Proceedings of SPIE, V. 1212, p. 84, 1990.
[121]
{Yos03} Yoshida, T., Horii, C. and Sato, K. A Virtual Color reconstruction System for Real Heritage with Light Projection, In proceedings of Virtual Systems and Multimedia, pp. 158--164, 2003.
[122]
{Yu99} Yu, Y., Debevec, P., Malik, J., and Hawkins, T. Inverse global illumination: Recovering reflectance models of real scenes from photographs. In proceedings of ACM Siggraph' 99, pp. 215--224, 1999.
[123]
{Bim01} Bimber, O., Fröhlich, B., Schmalstieg, D., and Encarnação, L. M. The Virtual Showcase. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 48--55, 2001.
[124]
{Bim04} Bimber, O. Combining Optical Holograms with Interactive Computer Graphics. In IEEE Computer, January issue, pp. 85--91, 2004.
[125]
{Bur90} Burroughes, J. H. Light Emitting Polymers. Nature, pp. 347, 1990.
[126]
{Cas02} Canesta. Miniature Laser Projector Keyboard. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.canesta.com. 2002.
[127]
{Dow96} Downing, E. A., Hesselink, L., Ralston, J. and Macfarlane, R. A three-color, solid-state three-dimensional display. Science, vol. 273, pp. 1185--1189, 1996.
[128]
{Fog04} Fogscreen Inc. Projecting Images in thin Air. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.fogscreen.com/, 2004.
[129]
{How01} Howard, W. E. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED). OLED Technology Primer, Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.emagin.com/oledpri.htm, 2001.
[130]
{IO204} IO2 Technology, The HelioDisplay. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.io2technology.com/, 2004.
[131]
{Jen02} Jenoptik. Laser Projector. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.jenoptik.com, 2002.
[132]
{Klu01} Klug, M. A., Scalable digital holographic displays, IS&T PICS 2001: Image Processing, Image Quality, Image Capture Systems Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 26--32, 2001.
[133]
{Luc97} Lucente, M. Interactive three-dimensional holographic displays: seeing the future in depth. SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, special issue on "Current, New, and Emerging Display Systems", 1997.
[134]
{Pau04} Paulson, L. D. Displaying Data in Thin Air. IEEE Computer, March issue, p. 19, 2004.
[135]
{Per00} Perlin, K., Paxia, S., and Kollin, J. S. An autostereoscopic display. Computer Graphics (proceedings of SIGGRAPH'00), pp. 319--326, 2000.
[136]
{Ras04} R. Raskar, P Bearsdley, J VanBaar, Y Wang, P Dietz, J Lee, D Leigh, T Willwacher. RFIG Lamps: Interacting with a Self-Describing World via Photosensing Wireless Tags and Projectors. SIGGRAPH '04, 2004.
[137]
{Sie02} Siemens. Siemens Mini Beamer. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://w4.siemens.de/en2/html/press//newsdeskarchive/2002/-foe02121b.html, Cited December 2002.
[138]
{Sym02} Symbol. Laser Projection Display. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.symbol.com/products/oem/lpd.html, December, 2002.
[139]
{Tra02} Travis, A., Payne, F., Zhong, J., and More, J. Flat panel display using projection within a wedge-shaped waveguide. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://ds.dial.pipex.com/cam3d/technology/technology01.html, 2002.
[140]
{Xer03} Xerox PARC, Electronic Reusable Paper. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www2.parc.com/dhl/projects/gyricon/, 2003.

Cited By

View all
  • (2021)XR collaboration beyond virtual reality: work in the real worldJournal of Computational Design and Engineering10.1093/jcde/qwab0128:2(756-772)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2021
  • (2016)Dynamic hand interaction in handheld AR2016 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI)10.1109/ICCCI.2016.7479964(1-6)Online publication date: Jan-2016
  • (2014)Pure LandJournal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.1145/26145677:2(1-15)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
SIGGRAPH '05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
July 2005
7157 pages
ISBN:9781450378338
DOI:10.1145/1198555
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 31 July 2005

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,822 of 8,601 submissions, 21%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)16
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
Reflects downloads up to 11 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2021)XR collaboration beyond virtual reality: work in the real worldJournal of Computational Design and Engineering10.1093/jcde/qwab0128:2(756-772)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2021
  • (2016)Dynamic hand interaction in handheld AR2016 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI)10.1109/ICCCI.2016.7479964(1-6)Online publication date: Jan-2016
  • (2014)Pure LandJournal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.1145/26145677:2(1-15)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014
  • (2013)Spatial user interface for experiencing Mogao cavesProceedings of the 1st symposium on Spatial user interaction10.1145/2491367.2491372(21-24)Online publication date: 20-Jul-2013
  • (2012)MagicPad: the projection based 3D user interfaceInternational Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)10.1007/s12008-012-0141-46:2(75-81)Online publication date: 2-Feb-2012
  • (2012)An Adaptive Smoothing Method for Sensor Noise in Augmented Reality Applications on SmartphonesMobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications10.1007/978-3-642-30607-5_19(209-218)Online publication date: 2012
  • (2011)Applying spatial augmented reality to facilitate in-situ support for automotive spot welding inspectionProceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry10.1145/2087756.2087784(195-200)Online publication date: 11-Dec-2011
  • (2011)Facilitating Collaboration with Laser Projector-Based Spatial Augmented Reality in Industrial ApplicationsRecent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems10.1007/978-1-4419-9845-3_13(161-173)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2011
  • (2010)A tangible user interface using spatial Augmented RealityProceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces10.1109/3DUI.2010.5444699(137-138)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2010
  • (2007)Bringing context into playProceedings of the 2007 workshop on Multimodal interfaces in semantic interaction10.1145/1330572.1330573(3-8)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2007
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media