Quantizer characteristics important for quantization index modulation

1 August 2001 Quantizer characteristics important for quantization index modulation

Hugh Brunk

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 4314, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III; (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435453
Event: Photonics West 2001 - Electronic Imaging, 2001, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) has been shown to be a promising method of digital watermarking. It has recently been argued that a version of QIM can provide the best information embedding performance possible in an information theoretic sense. This performance can be demonstrated via random coding using a sequence of vector quantizers of increasing block length, with both channel capacity and optimal rate-distortion performance being reached in the limit of infinite quantizer block length. For QIM, the rate-distortion performance of the component quantizers is unimportant. Because the quantized values are not digitally encoded in QIM, the number of reconstruction values in each quantizer is not a design constraint, as it is in the design of a conventional quantizer. The lack of a rate constraint in QIM suggests that quantizer design for QIM involves different condiderations than does quantizer design for rate-distortion performance. Lookabaugh has identified three types of advantages of vector quantizers vs. scalar quantizers. These advantages are called the space-filling, shape, and memory advantages. This paper investigates whether all of these advantages are useful in the context of QIM. QIM performance of various types of quantizers is presented and a heuristic sphere-packing argument is used to show that, in the case of high-resolution quantization and a Gaussian attack channel, only the space-filling advantage is necessary for nearly optimal QIM performance. This is important because relatively simple quantizers are available that do not provide shape and memory gain but do give a space-filling gain.

Citation Download Citation

Hugh Brunk "Quantizer characteristics important for quantization index modulation", Proc. SPIE 4314, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III, (1 August 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435453

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