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Quantum control of surface acoustic-wave phonons

Nature volume 563, pages 661–665 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

One of the hallmarks of quantum physics is the generation of non-classical quantum states and superpositions, which has been demonstrated in several quantum systems, including ions, solid-state qubits and photons. However, only indirect demonstrations of non-classical states have been achieved in mechanical systems, despite the scientific appeal and technical utility of such a capability1,2, including in quantum sensing, computation and communication applications. This is due in part to the highly linear response of most mechanical systems, which makes quantum operations difficult, as well as their characteristically low frequencies, which hinder access to the quantum ground state3,4,5,6,7. Here we demonstrate full quantum control of the mechanical state of a macroscale mechanical resonator. We strongly couple a surface acoustic-wave8 resonator to a superconducting qubit, using the qubit to control and measure quantum states in the mechanical resonator. We generate a non-classical superposition of the zero- and one-phonon Fock states and map this and other states using Wigner tomography9,10,11,12,13,14. Such precise, programmable quantum control is essential to a range of applications of surface acoustic waves in the quantum limit, including the coupling of disparate quantum systems15,16.

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Fig. 1: Device description.
Fig. 2: Characterization and modelling of SAW admittance.
Fig. 3: Qubit interaction with a single mechanical mode.
Fig. 4: Generation of the |2〉 state.
Fig. 5: Resonator state characterization.

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Data availability

The datasets supporting this work are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P. J. Duda, A. Dunsworth and D. Sank for discussions. Devices and experiments were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Laboratory and the Department of Energy (DOE). K.J.S. and S.J.W. were supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) GRFP (NSF DGE-1144085); É.D. was supported by LDRD funds from Argonne National Laboratory; A.N.C. and D.D.A. were supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; and D.I.S. acknowledges support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This work was partially supported by the UChicago MRSEC (NSF DMR-1420709) and made use of the Pritzker Nanofabrication Facility, which receives support from SHyNE, a node of the NSF’s National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NSF NNCI-1542205).

Reviewer information

Nature thanks S. Deleglise and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    K. J. Satzinger & G. A. Peairs

  2. Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    K. J. Satzinger, Y. P. Zhong, H.-S. Chang, G. A. Peairs, A. Bienfait, Ming-Han Chou, A. Y. Cleland, C. R. Conner, É. Dumur, J. Grebel, I. Gutierrez, B. H. November, R. G. Povey, S. J. Whiteley, D. D. Awschalom & A. N. Cleland

  3. Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ming-Han Chou, R. G. Povey, S. J. Whiteley & D. I. Schuster

  4. Institute for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Lemont, IL, USA

    É. Dumur, D. D. Awschalom & A. N. Cleland

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  1. K. J. Satzinger
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Contributions

K.J.S. designed and fabricated the devices. K.J.S., H.-S.C., J.G., A.Y.C. and S.J.W. developed the fabrication processes. G.A.P., É.D. and A.N.C. contributed to device design. K.J.S. performed the experiments and analysed the data with assistance from Y.P.Z., A.B. and É.D. Assistance was provided by I.G. and B.H.N. A.N.C., D.I.S. and D.D.A. advised on all efforts. All authors contributed to discussions and the production of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. N. Cleland.

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Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

This merged file includes all supplementary information, including text, five figures and additional references. It comprises three sections describing: Device details; models used to predict and understand the results; and more details on the experimental results as well as additional experiments performed and not reported in the main text.

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Satzinger, K.J., Zhong, Y.P., Chang, HS. et al. Quantum control of surface acoustic-wave phonons. Nature 563, 661–665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0719-5

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