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  • Review Article
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Collagen: quantification, biomechanics and role of minor subtypes in cartilage

Nature Reviews Materials volume 5, pages 730–747 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Collagen is a ubiquitous biomaterial in vertebrate animals. Although each of its 28 subtypes contributes to the functions of many different tissues in the body, most studies on collagen or collagenous tissues have focused on only one or two subtypes. With recent developments in analytical chemistry, especially mass spectrometry, substantial advances have been made towards quantifying the different collagen subtypes in various tissues; however, high-throughput and low-cost methods for collagen-subtype quantification do not yet exist. In this Review, we introduce the roles of collagen subtypes and crosslinks and describe modern assays that enable a deep understanding of tissue physiology and disease states. Using cartilage as a model tissue, we describe the roles of major and minor collagen subtypes in detail, discuss known and unknown structure–function relationships and show how tissue engineers may harness the functional characteristics of collagen to engineer robust neotissues.

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Fig. 1: Collagen types of the human body.
Fig. 2: Lysyl oxidase pathway.
Fig. 3: Examples of quantitative assays for collagen and collagen crosslinks.
Fig. 4: Collagen structure and location in cartilage, and its role in cartilage development.
Fig. 5: Functional groups of collagen subtypes in cartilage.
Fig. 6: Broad applications for high-throughput, low-cost collagen quantification.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by NIH grant nos. R01DE015038, R01AR071457 and R01AR067821.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Benjamin J. Bielajew, Jerry C. Hu & Kyriacos A. Athanasiou

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Bielajew, B.J., Hu, J.C. & Athanasiou, K.A. Collagen: quantification, biomechanics and role of minor subtypes in cartilage. Nat Rev Mater 5, 730–747 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-0213-1

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