Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic variants associated with complex traits. However, at only a minority of loci have the molecular mechanisms mediating these associations been characterized. In parallel, whereas cis regulatory patterns of gene expression have been extensively explored, the identification of trans regulatory effects in humans has attracted less attention. Here we show that the type 2 diabetes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol–associated cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of the maternally expressed transcription factor KLF14 acts as a master trans regulator of adipose gene expression. Expression levels of genes regulated by this trans-eQTL are highly correlated with concurrently measured metabolic traits, and a subset of the trans-regulated genes harbor variants directly associated with metabolic phenotypes. This trans-eQTL network provides a mechanistic understanding of the effect of the KLF14 locus on metabolic disease risk and offers a potential model for other complex traits.
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22 September 2011
In the version of this article initially published, there were several errors in the P values reported in the Adiponectin and HOMA-IR columns of Table 3. These errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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Acknowledgements
The MuTHER study was funded by the Wellcome Trust Program grant # 081917. Genotyping of TwinsUK samples was provided by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the National Eye Institute via a US National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) genotyping project. TwinsUK also receives support from the ENGAGE project grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 and from the Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy's & St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. T.D.S. is an NIHR senior investigator and European Research Council (ERC) senior investigator. M.I.M. is supported by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. Additional support was provided by the Louis-Jeantet Foundation to E.T.D. and A.C.N. and via NIH-NIMH grant R01 MH090941 to E.T.D. and M.I.M.
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K.S.S., Å.K.H., E.G., G.T. and A.C.N. analyzed data. G.T., A.K., S.-Y.S., H.B.R., N.S. and C.M.L. contributed reagents, materials and analysis tools. U.T., K.R.A., K.S., E.T.D., P.D., M.I.M. and T.D.S. conceived and designed the experiments. K.S.S. and M.I.M. wrote the paper with contributions from Å.K.H. and E.G. All authors read and approved the manuscript before submission.
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the MuTHER Consortium. Identification of an imprinted master trans regulator at the KLF14 locus related to multiple metabolic phenotypes. Nat Genet 43, 561–564 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.833
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.833
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