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STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling

Nature volume 455, pages 674–678 (2008)Cite this article

A Corrigendum to this article was published on 13 November 2008

Abstract

The cellular innate immune system is essential for recognizing pathogen infection and for establishing effective host defence. But critical molecular determinants responsible for facilitating an appropriate immune response—following infection with DNA and RNA viruses, for example—remain to be identified. Here we report the identification, following expression cloning, of a molecule (STING; stimulator of interferon genes) that appears essential for effective innate immune signalling processes. It comprises five putative transmembrane regions, predominantly resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and is able to activate both NF-κB and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon (IFN-α and IFN-β ) and exert a potent anti-viral state following expression. In contrast, loss of STING rendered murine embryonic fibroblasts extremely susceptible to negative-stranded virus infection, including vesicular stomatitis virus. Further, STING ablation abrogated the ability of intracellular B-form DNA, as well as members of the herpesvirus family, to induce IFN-β, but did not significantly affect the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated that STING interacts with RIG-I and with SSR2 (also known as TRAPβ), which is a member of the translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex required for protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane following translation1,2. Ablation by RNA interference of both TRAPβ and translocon adaptor SEC61β was subsequently found to inhibit STING’s ability to stimulate expression of IFN-β. Thus, as well as identifying a regulator of innate immune signalling, our results imply a potential role for the translocon in innate signalling pathways activated by select viruses as well as intracellular DNA.

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Figure 1: STING is an ER protein.
Figure 2: STING facilitates IFN induction.
Figure 3: Loss of STING affects host defence.
Figure 4: STING associates with the translocon.

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Acknowledgements

We thank T. Venkataraman, J. Hyun, T. Sato and M. Conkright for technical assistance, M. Gale for RIG-I and IPS-1 lacking MEFs, Y. C. Weh for TBK-1 lacking MEFs, and S. Nagata, T. Maniatis, J. Hiscott and N. Reich for plasmid constructs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA,

    Hiroki Ishikawa & Glen N. Barber

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  1. Hiroki Ishikawa
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  2. Glen N. Barber
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Correspondence to Glen N. Barber.

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Ishikawa, H., Barber, G. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature 455, 674–678 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07317

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